ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010080712

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe facts related to the formation of benzene in the pyrolysis of acetylene are re‐examined. The preponderance of evidence from many sources makes the presence of benzene in the products of decomposition almost certain. It is pointed out how the benzene spectrum may be overlooked in the ultra‐violet region unless care is taken to remove strongly absorbing materials that mask its prese

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010080701

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe binary systems benzene‐ethyl methyl ketone (A) and benzene‐cyclohexane (B) have been studied, and results are discussed with those obtained previously,1for the binary systemcyclohexane‐ethyl methyl ketone (C). Several physical properties and also vapour‐ and solid‐liquid equilibria were determined as functions of the composition. System A formed an azeotrope at 51 molar‐% benzene which boiled at 78.1°/760 mm. Hg, and a eutectic at 24.2 molar‐% benzene and −92°. System B formed an azeotrope at 54.5 molar‐% benzene which boiled at 77.4°/760 mm. Hg, and a eutectic at 26.5 molar‐% benzene at −46.5°. In order of increasing deviation from linearity when plotted against molar fraction, the systems tended to lie in the order A, B, C. An explanation is suggested on the basis of differences in the forces operating (dipole: induced‐dipole or dispersion forces) and the size and shape of th

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010080702

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVarious physical properties and solid‐ and vapour‐liquid equilibria have been determined as functions of the composition for this ternary system. A ternary eutectic occurred at 26 molar‐% benzene, 61 molar‐% ethyl methyl ketone and 13 molar‐%cyclohexane at −97°. There was no ternary azeotrope, the mixture with lowest boiling‐point being thecyclohexane‐ethyl methyl ketone binary azeotrope at 52.3 molar‐%cyclohexane and 71.5°/760 mm. pressure. Variations in the properties with composition are discussed in the light of the intermolecular forces and the ease of packing of the three types of molecule. The vapour‐liquid equilibrium data confirm the feasibility of the process for the separation of benzene andcyclohexane, by azeotropic distillation using ethyl methy

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010080703

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe adsorption by graphite of a variety of organic solutes, mainly acid and basic dyes, from water, has been studied.Adsorption occurs rapidly and only at the outer surface of the graphite particles. The adsorptive forces are coulombic (ion exchange) and non‐polar van der Waals' attraction. Basic dyes are adsorbed by ion exchange, the process being independent of temperature, but dependent on the surface charge on the graphite. Sulphonated dyes are adsorbed by van der Waals' (dispersion) forces; their affinity increases linearly with the area of the adsorbed molecule in contact with the substrate, but it falls with increase in the number of sulphonate groups, because of increase of water attraction.From solutions of low concentration most solutes are adsorbed as monolayers. In the early stages of adsorption they are probably oriented flat on the surface, but in the completed monolayer they are oriented with ionic groups as far away as possible from the graphite surface.From solutions of high concentration, multilayers of single molecules or monolayers of micelles appear to be adsorbed. Glucose and sucrose are adsorbed to a much greater extent than is accounted for by monolayer adsorption, but the reason for this is obscure.The shapes of the isotherms are shown to be related to the affinity of the solutes for the graphite surface. The rate‐controlling factor in adsorption of dyes is believed to be the proportion of bombarding ions which have a favourable orientation relative to the graphite surface at the moment of imp

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010080704

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn analysis has been made by gas‐liquid chromatography of the distillate of b.p. 230–250separated from the tar acid extract prepared from low‐temperature coal tar. Six fractions were separated and a total of 28 phenolic compounds identified by retention‐time data and infra‐red spectroscopy. Some overlapping of the fractions

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010080705

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe performance of hot‐wire thermal conductivity cells has been studied, particular attention being paid to the phenomena of partial and complete reversal of chromatographic peaks. Forced convection has been found to be an important factor in katharometer operation in nitrogen and the behaviour of the device can be explained if heat capacity, as well as thermal conductivity, changes are taken into accoun

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010080706

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUsing β‐naphthol as a ‘marker’ it is shown that dilute aqueous cetyltrimethylammonium bromide solution can exist in different states which take 16 hours to equilibrate at 25°. The technique depends on the accurate measurement of foam weight: it can be used to measure the critical micelle concen

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010080707

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBased on the oxygen‐transfer rate as measured by the sulphite oxidation method, and using fermenters of fixed design, a series of equations was derived which enables the required power, Reynolds number and stirrer speed to be calculated for a chosen oxygen‐transfer rate. The over‐all controlling process of oxygen transfer was shown to be a function of degree of turbulence/power per unit v

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010080708

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe autoxidation of the methyl ester of α‐elaeostearic acid (the main constituent acid of tung oil) at 37° under ultra‐violet light has been examined. In the main experiment the product obtained after absorption of 0.6 mole of oxygen per mole of ester has been fractionated by molecular distillation, low‐temperature crystallization and solvent extraction. The fractions have been characterized by chemical and physical a

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010080709

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1958

数据来源: WILEY