摘要:

AbstractN‐Hexane and 2,3‐dimethylbutane were oxidised separately and as a mixture, in the liquid phase by oxygen at 160°, under 25 atm. pressure and in the presence of 0·30 wt.‐% of manganese as the naphthenate. The variables of the reaction which influence the yield of acetic acid and acetone were studied. It has been shown that the co‐oxidation of a mixture of linear and branched hydrocarbons increases the yield of useful products, and the rate of oxidation. The effect of the molecular structure of the hydrocarbons in the co‐oxidation systems is briefly discussed in relation to the theory of the degenerately branched chai

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010181101

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA cellulose acetate membrane was applied to the study of reverse osmosis on aqueous solutions of LiCl, NaCl, KCl, CaCl2, SrCl2and BaCl2. This membrane, 71 microns thick and having an effective diameter of 1 1/2 in. was mounted within a specially constructed cell, made of stainless steel and designed to withstand pressures up to 1500 psi. The cell consisted of two chambers, which were separated by the membrane, and a porous plate supporting it. Solutions of 0·05 N, for all of these salts, were used to establish the osmotic pressure of each solution, the water fluxes through the membrane, and the extent of salt rejection. These variables were also determined for NaCl normalities of 0·2 and 0·6. On a single pass basis, the salt rejections ranged from 76% for KCl up to 95% for CaCl2.The results are discussed in terms of the size of the hydrated cation. The water fluxes for all these solutions were found to be essentially the same and were independent of the type of salt. For solutions of 0·05 N, the water fluxes ranged from zero at the osmotic pressure up to about 44 × 10−5g sec−1cm−2(8·8 gal day−1ft−2) at 800 psi and 77°F. Also, for the 0·05 N‐NaCl solution, the temperature was varied from 77°F to 120°F. The results of this temperature study show that the extent of salt rejection remains essentially fixed, while the water flux at any given pressure at 120°F becomes near

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010181102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStrontium oxide has been prepared by calcining the hydroxide and the carbonate at several temperatures up to 1200°.Strontium hydroxide sinters considerably before decomposing above 500°. There is appreciable carbonation of the oxide products by atmospheric carbon dioxide at temperatures up to 800°.Strontium carbonate decomposes at a reasonable yield at temperatures above 1000°. The oxide products can be activated by milling, but they sinter when subsequently calcined, especially at temperatures between 800° and 1000°. Crystallite and aggregate sizes of the strontium oxide produced from the carbonate at 1000°–1200° are similar to those of lime prepared under corresponding c

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010181103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractStudies have been made of the kinetics of the reaction with oxygen of several simple aliphatic and aromatic thiols in alkaline solution and in the absence of added metal catalysts. The results have been shown to be markedly affected by trace amounts of impurities, and the kinetics of the reaction have been measured under conditions of the minimum impurity levels obtainable. Under these conditions in the early stages of reaction, the rate law with, for example, ethanethiol has been found to be:which after ≈ 10–30% of reaction changes approximately to:Values of the energies of activation and pre‐exponential factors for the oxidation of ethanethiol have been determined and investigations have been made of the effect on the reaction kinetics of the efficient removal, and of the addition of trace quantities of m

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010181104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractComparisons have been made of some kinetic features of the oxidation in alkaline solution of a series of simple aliphatic and aromatic thiols in the presence of added metal catalysts. With ethanethiol as the reactant, the catalytic activity of a wide variety of metals, added to the solution as simple salts, has been determined. Furthermore, using three typical metal catalysts, the oxidation of a series of thiols has been investigated and an attempt has been made to correlate rates of oxidation with the geometric structure and electron‐directing properties of the organic groups present. The size of such groups has been found to be one of the most important factors controlling the overall rate of oxidatio

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010181105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe kinetics of the oxidation of ethanethiol in aqueous alkaline solution have been examined in the presence of copper‐, cobalt‐ and nickel‐containing catalysts. The homogeneity of the system and the precise nature of the catalyst are important factors controlling the rate of oxidation. It is suggested that free radical processes are unimportant and that reaction involves electron‐transfer from the thiol anion to the metal, followed by dimerisation of co‐ordinated thiyl entities to produce d

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010181106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010181107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1968

数据来源: WILEY