摘要:

AbstractSome laboratory experiments are described which were designed to elucidate the cause of spontaneous ignition phenomena occurring when air is admitted to solvent‐impregnated carbon adsorption beds. Four types of carbon have been used, together with two organic solvents, ethanol and benzene. The experimental results show no evidence of heterogeneous catalysis by elementary carbon of the oxidation of these substrates. They suggest, on the other hand, that the phenomenon is generally due to exothermic reaction between carbon and oxygen which is strongly catalysed by any metal oxide impurities present; the resulting rapid and considerable increases of temperature enable homogeneous reaction to occur between the solvent and oxygen, leading to spontaneous ignitio

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010120401

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstracto‐Amino‐,o‐methylamino‐, ando‐dimethylamino‐benzaldehyde have been prepared in good yield by alkaline decomposition of thep‐toluenesulphonhydrazides of the corresponding acids. These in turn were readily prepared from the free acids via the

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010120402

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPolystyrene, cross‐linked with divinylbenzene, has been prepared, free from catalyst, in sheet form and has been sulphonated in the surface regions. Sheets incorporating carboxyl groups in various proportions have been prepared by copolynierising styrene, divinylbenzene and methacrylic acid. The electrical conductances of the polymer surfaces, with sodium as mobile cation, have been measured in air at various relative humidities. The observed increase of conductance with relative humidity is consistent with an increase in dielectric constant of the polyme

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010120403

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBy formation of the copper chelate complex of 2‐hydroxy‐aliphatic acids, the latter may be extracted from natural mixtures in yields of about 95% and purities exceeding 90%. Some of the factors influencing the yields have been explored, and it is shown that commercial samples of wool wax acids contain 5–10% of 2‐hydrox

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010120404

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDiscontinuities previously observed in the softening point and insoluble matter curves of tar‐bitumen systems have been investigated by carrying out a number of flow tests and viscosity measurements over a wide temperature range. The results provide evidence that stable mixtures comprising up to 60% bitumen are thixotropic at and below the softening temperature, due possibly to a marked association of certain tar components. With bitumen in greater excess the higher‐molecular‐weight hydrocarbons and oxygen‐containing compounds of the tar are pepsised by the bitumen. It is suggested that phase inversion occurs at a composition of about 50% by volume of each co

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010120405

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA method is provided for the calculation of the solubility of sodium sulphate in spin‐bath acid over a relatively wide range of concentrations. The method is based on the assumption that sodium sulphate and sulphuric acid in spin‐bath acid behave as two modified components–sodium bisulphate and ‘free’ sodium sulphate. Its application to the crystallisation of sodium sulphate from spin‐bath liquor is illustrated an

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010120406

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract(1) Naval Brass or H.T. Brass may be protected against dezincification in sea‐water by cathodic protection at a potential of −0.60V (relative to silver‐silver chloride).(2) The progress of dezincification beneath an already dezincified layer of metal can be arrested at the same pote

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010120407

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe catalytic synthesis of ethyl propionate from diethyl ether and carbon monoxide has been studied in the presence of nickel, cobalt and iron catalysts at a pressure range of 175–375 atm., and temperature range of 200–300°. Of the various catalysts tested, the iodides of iron, cobalt and nickel, supported on silica gel, exhibit the maximum catalytic activity. Reduced metals and their carbonyls are practically inactive. Under the optimum conditions (230°/240 atm.) the maximum yields of ethyl propionate and propionic acid were 28.2% and 10.1% respectively. The possible reactions leading to the formation of by‐products have been elucidated by decomposition

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010120408

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA comprehensive study has been made of the high‐pressure synthesis of ethyl propionate from ethylene, carbon monoxide and ethanol in the presence of iron, cobalt and nickel catalysts at 2000–8200 p.s.i. and 180–300°. Reduced iron, cobalt and nickel and their carbonyls have practically no catalytic effect, but their halides exhibit excellent catalytic activity. The relative catalytic activities of the halides are in the order: iodides>bromides>chlorides. The activities of the metals are in the order: cobalt>nickel>iron.Under the most favourable conditions (catalyst–metal/silica 50: 50; at 230° 6000 p.s.i. with cobalt and nickel iodide catalysts, and 4400 p.s.i. with ferrous iodide catalyst; residence time 2 h.), the process yields of ethyl propionate based on ethanol input are 57.0, 45.1 and 43.4% with cobalt, nickel and iron iodide catalysts, res

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010120409

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe roasting of precipitated copper sulphide in a current of air has been investigated by thermogravimetric analysis in the temperature range 150–800° under isothermal conditions. Chemical analysis of the products was carried out at intervals in each case to determine the distribution of copper between the sulphide, sulphate and oxide forms, andX‐ray diffraction patterns were used to identify the state of the solid phases.During roasting, cupric sulphide is converted to the cuprous state, formation of sulphate increases with rise of roasting temperature to a maximum at 400° and then decreases, while the copper oxide content increases with rise of roasting temperature first as cuprous oxide at the lower temperatures and then as cupric oxide above 500°.A mechanism of the roasting process is proposed which accounts for the variations of the relative amounts of sulphide, sulphate and oxide formed, and the state of oxidation of the first and last com

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010120410

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1962

数据来源: WILEY