摘要:

AbstractChlorination of methyl acrylate in the presence of methanol has been shown to yield a mixture of methyl αβ‐dichloropropionate, methyl α‐chloro‐β‐methoxypropionate, methyl β‐chloro‐α‐methoxy‐propionate, methyl β‐chloropropionate and traces of methyl β‐methoxypropionate. Careful fractional distillation of the crude product afforded the pure αβ‐dichloropropionate and α‐chloro‐β‐methoxy‐propionate, but a pure specimen of the β‐chloro‐α‐methoxypropionate could not be isolated by this method. The isomeric chloromethoxypropionates were characte

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010031102

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1953

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAttempts to extend the lithium‐exchange reaction for the synthesis of carboxydihydroxydiphenyl‐methanes for subsequent reduction to resoles indicated that this method was likely to prove of very limited application. Attention was therefore directed to the syntheses of carboxy‐derivatives of dihydroxydiphenylmethanes by means of side‐chain oxidation of nuclear‐methyl‐substituted dimethoxydi‐phenylmethanes, direct carbonation of dihydroxydiphenylmethanes, and condensation of bromomethyl‐salicylic acid with phenols. Seven new resoles have been synthesized by lithium aluminium hydride reduction of carboxydihydroxydiphenylmethanes thus obtained and by further application of the method of halogen‐blocking and subsequent dehalogenation. 5‐Hydroxymethyl‐2:2′‐dihydroxydiphenylmethaneand 3‐hydroxymethyl‐4:4′‐dihydroxydiphenylmethanewere synthesized by oxidation of 2:2′‐dimethoxy‐5‐methyldiphenylmethane and 4:4′‐dimethoxy‐3‐methylbenzophenone respectively, followed by demethylation, Clemmensen reduction of the carboxydihydroxybenzophenones and lithium aluminium hydride reduction of the resulting carboxydihydroxydiphenylmethanes. 3:3′‐Bishydroxymethyl‐4:4′‐dihydroxydiphenylmethaneand 3‐hydroxymethyl‐2:2′‐dihydroxydiphenylmethanewere synthesized by carbonation of 4:4′‐dihydroxydiphenylmethane and 2:2′‐dihydroxydiphenylmethane respectively and subsequent lithium aluminium hydride reduction. 2:2′‐Dihydroxy‐3:3′‐bishydroxymethyldiphenylmethanewas synthesized from 5:5′‐dibromo‐2:2′‐dihydroxydiphenylmethane by way of 5:5′‐dibromo‐2:2′‐dihydroxy‐3:3′‐bishydroxymethyldiphenylmethaneand dehalogenation of the latter by palladium and hydrogen. 3‐Hydroxymethyl‐4:2′‐dihydroxy‐5′‐methyldiphenylmethanewas synthesized by condensation of 4‐bromomethyl‐2‐carboxyphenol withp‐cresol and subsequent reduction of the resulting 3‐carboxy‐4:2′‐dihydroxy‐5′‐methyldiphenylmethane, and application of this reaction top‐bromophenol with

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010031103

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1953

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe standard entropies of solid elements and inorganic compounds have been related to atomic or molar volumes after grouping the substances according to the periodic classification, compound type and crystal structure. It is shown that, within each sub‐group, standard entropy and molar volume are related by the expressionS=aVn. For elements and simple compounds, the entropy increase between 298° K and the melting point is related parabolically to the respective temperature rise. The entropy increase for complex compounds is less than that for simple compounds and is also dependent on type of compound. Entropy of fusion is related to temperature in the same manner. It is indicated that the entropy of formation of solid products from solid reactants is directly proportional to the volume change during the reacti

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010031104

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1953

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe dissolution of mild steel by warm sulphuric acid with and without organic inhibiting additions has been studied by means of simultaneous measurements of corrosion rate and corrosion potential, and by the determination of true anodic and cathodic polarization curves in the neighbourhood of the natural corrosion potential.Quinoline, 2: 6‐dimethylquinoline, α‐ and β‐naphthoquinolines,N‐ethylquinoline, thiourea, methyl‐thiourea, ethylthiourea ando‐,m‐ andp‐tolylthioureas inhibit the dissolution of mild steel by 5% (w/v) sulphuric acid at 70° and 40°, being increasingly effective in the order given above. The quinolines are primarily anodic inhibitors, but at high concentrations they limit the cathodic reaction also; the thioureas inhibit both cathodic and anodic reactions, the cathodic the more at low concentrations, the anodic the more at high.The results are interpreted by a modified adsorption theory and are discussed in terms of recent fundamental views of electrode reactions. Some practical implicati

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010031105

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1953

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIt is known that phthalic anhydride is obtained by vapour‐phase oxidation of alkylnaphthalenes and other polycyclic hydrocarbons. Consequently the production of phthalic anhydride from coal‐tar naphthalene oils was investigated. When a vanadium pentoxide/potassium sulphate/silica catalyst was used no marked deterioration of catalyst was observed in an experiment with naphthalene oil over a period of 28 hours. Operating variables of liquid‐ and air‐space velocity were studied and naphthalene and naphthalene oils of coke‐oven and vertical‐retort origin compared. The phthalic anhydride yield can be predicted, and is dependent on the naphthalene content of the oil and the operating variables.The yield of phthalic anhydride from a naphthalene oil is greater than can be obtained from the naphthalene in the oil even if it could be extracted without loss. At the same time the heat evolved in reaction is considerably increased and as a consequence heat removal would present the most important problem in the design of an oxid

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010031106

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1953

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractisoXanthopterin has been synthesized by a new and advantageous method. Some new properties are recorded. The heights of the ultra‐violet absorption maxima suggest that material of greater purity than 80% has not previously been examined spectroscopicall

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010031107

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1953

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCoefficients of absorption of carbon dioxide in solutions containing sodium carbonate and bicarbonate have been determined in an agitated tank type of gas absorber. The variation of absorption coefficient with conversion into bicarbonate was studied in detail. The average absorption coefficient in the range of 0 to 90% conversion has been correlated with the speed of the agitator and indirectly with the power consumed by the agitator.

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010031108

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1953

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010031110

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1953

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0021-8871    

DOI:10.1002/jctb.5010031101

出版商:John Wiley&Sons, Ltd    

年代:1953

数据来源: WILEY