ISSN:0269-5022    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1994.tb00472.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0269-5022    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1994.tb00473.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0269-5022    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1994.tb00474.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The measurements of height and weight in the Stockholm school health service was appraised in relation to the screening value, the costs and benefits. The concept of a doubtful screening value of growth surveillances at school age was supported. Investment costs and running expenses were very low. The measurement procedure used only 2% of the total time spent by the nurses in the school health service. The growth data were an appropriate prerequisite for the reassurance of adolescents about their developing identity and body image. The growth data also constituted an appropriate indicator for public health research. The benefits and low costs may justify maintenance of the measurements in the school health service despite a low screening value.

ISSN:0269-5022    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1994.tb00475.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.An attempt was made to identify the reasons for the increase in low birthweight (LBW) rates in Poland from 8.1% in 1985 to 8.4% in 1990. It was found that there was a differential increase in the LBW rates among the social groups. The highest increase was observed among the least educated mothers, especially in large cities. The LBW rate among the newborns of mothers who had finished their education at primary school level increased from 10.6% (in large cities from 14.7%) in 1985 to 12.5% (in large cities to 16.2%) in 1990. Controlling for maternal age, parity, education and place of residence did not change the significance of the increase in the LBW rate. The decline in birthweight was probably largely related to negative changes in socially differentiated levels of consumption of basic nutrients in Poland.

ISSN:0269-5022    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1994.tb00476.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Recently Greece received a large number of refugees mainly from Eastern European countries, Middle East, Africa and the Pontus region. Refugee status, implying psychosocial adversities and financial problems, has traditionally been associated with unfavourable pregnancy outcome. This study aimed to compare the incidence of preterm delivery and low birthweight among 638 refugees and 1231 indigenous women giving birth at the same hospital in Athens. Conditional logistic regression was used in the analysis to account for parity and delivery date (matching variables) as well as controlling explicitly for maternal age and gender of the neonate. It was demonstrated that refugee status did not overall influence the occurrence of preterm delivery or low birthweight, thus implying that these two variables are not sensitive or early indicators of the adverse effects of psychosocial stress suffered by refugees.

ISSN:0269-5022    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1994.tb00477.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Two problems originating from the advanced use of medical technology in screening for malformations and in the care of preterm and low birthweight infants are presented: the impact of the increasing number of induced medical abortions and the differences in statistical definitions on perinatal mortality (PNM) figures. Data on 186562 births registered in the Finnish Medical Birth Registry between 1987 and 1989 were studied, and 65554 medical abortions (of which 1647 were performed after the sixteenth week of gestation) registered in the Abortion Registry between 1985 and 1990. A 115% increase in abortions for medical reasons in the period 1985–1990 was found. It was estimated that the trend accounted for up to one‐third of the decline in PNM rate during that time. The perinatal mortality rate was strongly influenced by very small infants. The application of the Finnish version of the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD‐9) (including all livebirths and using both birthweight of 500g and gestational age of 22 weeks as the criteria) resulted in PNM rates which were about 5% higher than according to ICD‐9. We suggest that the impact of medical abortions on perinatal statistics has reduced the value of the perinatal mortality rate as an indicator of the standard

ISSN:0269-5022    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1994.tb00478.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.We examined exposure to excipients in different morphine sulfate preparations in relation to maximum total bilirubin level during the first 5 days of life among 155 infants admitted to a newborn intensive care unit. Sixty‐six (43%), 47 (30%), and 42 (27%) newborns were exposed to chlorobutanol, phenol and neither excipient, respectively. Mean maximum total bilirubin in the first 5 days of life among newborns not exposed to chlorobutanol or phenol was 10.8 mg/dL (184μmol/L). After adjusting for birthweight, race, sex, and use of phototherapy, the maximum total bilirubin level among newborns exposed to phenol was 1.4 mg/dL (24μmol/L) higher than the maximum level among newborns exposed to neither excipient (P<0.05); the corresponding difference associated with chlorobutanol exposure was 1.6 mg/dL (27μmol/L) (P<0.02). Further adjustment for potential confounding by the major risk factors for hyperbilirubinaemia did not materially change the results. While unconfirmed, these findings support the growing concern that excipients added to parenteral medications may not be ‘inactive’ as is often assumed, and that the safety of such exposures in seriously ill newborn infants needs to be studied

ISSN:0269-5022    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1994.tb00479.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Although developmental disabilities are among the major chronic health problems affecting children in the United States, the contribution of developmental disabilities to childhood mortality is unknown. To investigate the magnitude of this contribution, multiple cause‐of‐death data were examined for US children, aged 1–19 years, for 1980 and 1983–1989. The following conditions were included as developmental disabilities: autism, attention deficit disorder, learning disorders, mental retardation, cerebral palsy, epilepsy, muscular dystrophy, blindness and deafness. Based on underlying cause only, it was found that developmental disabilities were the fifth leading cause of nontraumatic death for children between 1 and 14 years of age and the third leading cause of non‐traumatic death for children between 15 and 19 years. When a multiple cause approach was used to define developmental disability‐related deaths (i.e. when contributing as well as underlying cause was considered), the number of such deaths nearly doubled. On the basis of both underlying‐ and multiple‐cause analyses, cerebral palsy was the developmental disability most frequently cited as a cause of death. Mental retardation ranked second according to the multiple‐cause approach but only fourth according to the underlying‐cause approach. The least frequent causes of death (autism, attention deficit disorder, learning disorders, blindness, and deafness) were the ones most likely to be coded as contributing rather than underlying causes. Developmental disability‐related mortality rates were highest among children aged 1–4 and 15–19 years, highest among blacks and lowest among racial groups other than blacks and whites, and higher among males than females. Although results of multiple‐cause‐of‐death analyses more accurately reflect the proportion of deaths related to developmental disabilities, even this approach may underestimate the degree to which mortality is associated

ISSN:0269-5022    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1994.tb00480.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The presence of malformations in a population‐based series of 181 children diagnosed with soft tissue sarcoma and in the majority of their parents and siblings was ascertained from family interviews and medical records. Five index children (2.8%) had serious anomalies, a figure not in excess of that derived from general population data. Fourteen siblings (4%) were affected, and higher rates of malformations were seen in siblings of female case children (P=0.06) and siblings of children with visceral tumours (P= 0.03). There was no correlation between site of tumour in the index and specific organ system anomalies in the index or in their respective siblings. The survey indicated that there are unlikely to be strong associations between childhood soft tissue sarcoma and major malformations, a situation distinct from that found in Wilms' tumou

ISSN:0269-5022    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1994.tb00481.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY