摘要:

Summary.The authors point out that, in addition to logistic regression, there are other, simpler techniques available for making an adjusted estimate of association between an outcome and a risk factor. Also, the consequence of mismodelling with regression, i.e. of missing the real relationship between an outcome and a risk factor, is illustrated with an example. The need to ‘examine one's data’ prior to performing multivariable techniques is emphasi

ISSN:0269-5022    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1992.tb00770.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0269-5022    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1992.tb00771.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0269-5022    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1992.tb00772.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.Risk factors were studied in 123 children with limb reduction defects (LRD) from 118265 consecutive births of known outcome during the period from 1979 to 1987 in the area which is covered by our registry of congenital malformations. For each case a control was studied. The LRD was localised and classified according to the EUROCAT guide for the description and classification of limb defects. The prevalence of LRD was 1.04 per thousand: 82.9% of the babies were liveborn, 13.0% were late spontaneous abortion or stillborn and termination was performed in 4.0% of the cases. The proportion of males was 0.55. The most common malformations in the 51.2% of children who had at least one other anomaly than LRD were associated cardiac, digestive and renal anomalies. The pregnancy with limb anomalies was more often complicated by oligohydramnios, polyhydramnios and threatened abortion but there were no differences in parental characteristics. However, 9.7% of marriages were consanguineous (P<0.01) and the incidence of LRD in first‐degree relatives of the children with LRD was high. First‐degree relatives also had more non‐limb malformations than did those of con

ISSN:0269-5022    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1992.tb00773.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The California Cerebral Palsy Project (CACP) is a population‐based study of 192 children with moderate or severe congenital cerebral palsy who were born between 1983 and 1985 in four San Francisco Bay area counties and who were alive and residing in California at age 3 years. Initial ascertainment of cases was based on records of two agencies known to enrol virtually all CACP‐eligible children. Final case status was established by standardised clinical examination in 67% of cases and extensive record review in 33%. The 192 cases gave a prevalence at age 3 of 1.23/1000 survivors. Twins were 10% of the cases with a prevalence of 6.7/1000. Overall, 53% of the cases had birthweight ≥ 2500 g and 28% had birthweight<1500g. There was no association between birthweight and severity of functional impairment and no consistent association between birthweight and the presence of associated disabilities. The CACP prevalence is lower than that reported in other studies and is believed to be due to the more stringent case inclusion criteria employed for this research data

ISSN:0269-5022    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1992.tb00774.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.The effects of prenatal factors on the risk of subependymal and/or intraventricular brain haemorrhage in very low birthweight (VLBW) neonates were studied. Data were collected on 201 consecutively born VLBW neonates without major congenital anomalies, who were born at a regional obstetric referral centre. Brain haemorrhage was identified by cranial ultrasound examinations. The reliability of these examinations (concordance among readers' interpretations) was assessed and found to be moderate (kappa = 0.47 for the finding of subependymal haemorrhage (SEH); kappa = 0.50 for the finding of intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH)). Prenatal factors were more strongly associated with IVH than with SEH. In univariable analyses, maternal pre‐eclampsia, multiple gestation and maternal treatment with betamethasone were associated most strongly with a decreased risk of haemorrhage whereas labour and vaginal delivery were associated most strongly with an increased risk. These associations remained in a multi‐variable analysis which included prenatal events (maternal illnesses, fetal presentation and obstetrical interventions), as well as gestational age, birthweight, gender, treatment with assisted ventilation, and the occurrence of pneumothorax. Further aetiological study of the effects of prenatal factors could provide information useful in preventing SEH/

ISSN:0269-5022    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1992.tb00775.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Summary.A nationwide, prospective study was initiated in The Netherlands in 1983, involving 1338 liveborn infants with a gestational age<32 weeks and/or a birthweight<1500g. Pre‐ and perinatal data, methods and results of follow‐up until the corrected age of 2 years have been published previously. In this paper, methods of follow‐up at the age of 5 years are described. At that age, 966 children were alive, of which 927 (96%) were assessed during a home visit 2 to 6 weeks after their fifth birthday by three specially trained paediatricians. A questionnaire served to collect data on medical history, respiratory function, behaviour and socio‐economic factors. Standardised tests were carried out covering the following 10 areas: congenital malformations, neuromotor function, mental development, hearing, visual function, language and speech development, behaviour, musculoskeletal system, respiratory tract and ENT problems, and growth. The outcome was recorded for separate areas and for the child as a whole using the WHO classification of impairments, disabilities and ha

ISSN:0269-5022    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1992.tb00776.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0269-5022    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1992.tb00777.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0269-5022    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1992.tb00778.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0269-5022    

DOI:10.1111/j.1365-3016.1992.tb00779.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY