摘要:

SummarySexual behaviour is probably extremely stable. What changes from time to time is the degree of social pressure to conform to a particular public image. It is therefore impossible to judge the actual range of private behaviour in the past from written sources. Our generation is possibly the first able to assess this range by surveys. It is important for medicine to be aware of the prevailing diversity both for epidemiological reasons and to avoid nonsensical prescriptions such as those which attributed mental disorder to masturbation. Our growing awareness of the natural history of human sexual behaviour is an important therapeutic and prophylactic asset.

ISSN:1340-9654    

DOI:10.3109/01443619009151215

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryOver 3 years 133 diabetic pregnancies were followed up in a special high risk pregnancy clinic. The non-insulin dependent diabetics comprised 28 per cent (n= 38) compared to 7 per cent (n= 9) insulin dependent diabetics. Of the remaining patients who had been found to have abnormal glucose tolerance tests during pregnancy, 15 had test results suggestive of non-insulin dependent diabetes rather than pregnancy impaired glucose tolerance, according to the World Health Organization criteria.The non-insulin dependent diabetics were older, higher in parity and heavier than insulin dependent diabetics. They started pregnancy with high blood glucose levels, and their metabolic control was further complicated by the patients' unawareness of the seriousness of their condition.Although the perinatal mortality in the non-insulin dependent diabetics was reduced from 13 to 5 percent, it was still higher than in the other groups. The overall perinatal mortality (3.1versus8.9 per cent before enrollment in the study) and morbidity compared favourably with that in other series.In developing countries, as in our population, where non-insulin dependent patients constitute the overwhelming majority of diabetics, a reduction in perinatal mortality can be achieved through screening programmes and special antenatal diabetic clinics.

ISSN:1340-9654    

DOI:10.3109/01443619009151216

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn a study of 48 hydatidiform moles referred to the University of Calabar Teaching Hospital between January 1980 and June 1986, the ratio of partial to complete moles was six to four. Most moles (80 per cent) aborted in the first trimester were complete, and were more commonly associated with a uterine size that was large for dates. Most second (78 per cent) and third (67 per cent) trimester moles were partial with scanty vesicles.An institutional frequency of I in 623 deliveries was observed. Multiparity increased the risk of molar pregnancy.

ISSN:1340-9654    

DOI:10.3109/01443619009151217

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryC-reactive protein concentration was determined by enzyme immunoassay in fetal serum (gestational ages 15–38 weeks) from a group of 91 patients undergoing fetoscopy. Matched amniotic fluid or maternal serum samples were obtained from the majority of these patients. C-reactive protein levels were also determined in 90 cord serum samples (gestational ages 29–42 weeks) from uneventful deliveries, forceps deliveries, caesarean sections and vaginal deliveries where maternal pyrexia was recorded.C-reactive protein concentration ranged from>10–200μg/1 in 91 per cent of fetal and cord serum samples. The protein is present in fetal serum as early as 15 weeks of gestational age. In fetuses>20 weeks, 50 per cent had serum levels<10μg/1 and 36 per cent had serum levels<200μg/1. Throughout pregnancy the fetus can produce an apparently independent C-reactive protein response following intra-uterine stimulation. Raised fetal levels are associated with both raised amniotic fluid and raised maternal serum levels. Fetal serum C-reactive protein concentrations above 200μg/1 are associated with a poor fetal outcome. Raised cord serum levels are associated with prolonged labour and raised maternal serum levels. Cord serum C-reactive protein concentrations above 200μg/1 are associated with infection.

ISSN:1340-9654    

DOI:10.3109/01443619009151218

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryWe present eight cases of proved listeriosis in pregnancy at the City Maternity Hospital, Carlisle. In 1981, the infection was uniformly lethal to the fetus, contributing about 15 per cent to our perinatal deaths that year. A high index of suspicion and prompt treatment resulted in a two-thirds fetal salvage in 1982. Unfortunately, this clinical watchfulness‘slipped' in 1987–1988 with the two cases eluding us resulting in fetal wastage. The diagnosis, successful treatment, and hence fetal survival are related to a keen index of suspicion exercised by both general practitioners and physicians.

ISSN:1340-9654    

DOI:10.3109/01443619009151219

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1340-9654    

DOI:10.3109/01443619009151220

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryEighty-seven singleton pregnancies with true knots in the umbilical cord were studied, together with a control group. Associated factors were multiparity (62versus46 per cent), long cords (7versus2 per cent) and the presence of nuchal cords (48versus26 per cent). The total incidence of umbilical cord knots was 0–68 per cent of deliveries.Umbilical cord knots were not found to be associated with fetal distress in terms of Apgar scores, or umbilical cord blood analysis. Fetal heart tracings were comparable in both the study group and the control group. Perinatal mortality and neonatal morbidity were also similar in the two groups.In general true knots in the umbilical cord do not have significant repercussions on fetal wellbeing.

ISSN:1340-9654    

DOI:10.3109/01443619009151221

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryMaternal exercise resulted in an increase in fetal heart rate and variability in normal fetuses. In small fetuses there was a variable response, with four of 20 fetuses having sharp decelerations in heart rate with maternal exercise.A rise in maternal core temperature resulted, in all cases, in a rise in maternal heart rate. In normal fetuses the fetal heart rate also rose by on average 12·2 beats per min per degree Celsius. In small for dates fetuses there was no significant change in mean fetal heart rate, with three of 11 fetuses having decelerations in heart rate with increased maternal temperature.Circadian variation seen in fetal heart rates was similar to that occurring in the mother (r= 0·49,P<0·05). There was no demonstrable circadian variation in neonatal heart rate (r= -0.24). This suggests that the fetal heart rate variation is extrinsic in origin.

ISSN:1340-9654    

DOI:10.3109/01443619009151222

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryIn a four year review, the corrected perinatal mortality and first week neonatal survival rates among 715 low birth weight babies in a Nigerian teaching hospital were 209/1000 and 88.5 per cent respectively. The outcome in the female babies, in terms of perinatal mortality and first week survival rates, was generally better than their male counterparts. The better prognosis in the female babies was independent of birth weight, gestational age, maternal age and parity.

ISSN:1340-9654    

DOI:10.3109/01443619009151223

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:1340-9654    

DOI:10.3109/01443619009151224

出版商:Taylor&Francis    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY