摘要:

A simple protocol to purify fresh nuclei from very small amounts (mg) ofPisum sativum(cv. Lincoln) root tissue is presented. The protocol is reliable and has been repeated many times; it can be performed within a few hours and needs only a simple modification of common glassware for tissue homogenization. Similar yields of purified nuclei are obtained both with meristematic and adult root tissues using a detergent‐free glyeerol buffer. Purified nuclei can be stored at –20°C for several weeks without any appreciable loss of integrity. The high yield of purified nuclei enables us to use our preparations for biochemical and cytometric investigat

ISSN:0031-9317    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1990.tb05233.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Wild cherry (Prunus aviumL.) shoots were cultured in closed vessels on a proliferation medium and the volatile substances released during incubation at photosynthetic photon flux density of 30 μmol m–2S–1were determined. Ethylene and CO2started forming at the beginning of the incubation period and a linear relationship between their formation was observed even at high CO2concentrations. After 30 days of culture, CO2reached a concentration of 30%. Shoots released elhanol and acetaldehyde after several days of incuba

ISSN:0031-9317    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1990.tb05234.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Vegetative buds of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestrisL.) were collected during the apparently dormant phase in January and February and at the beginning of the growth phase in May. Wintering Scots pine plants were placed in climate chambers in which either the daily photoperiod or the temperature simulated the situation in early spring, whereas the other conditions were characteristic of midwinter.The amount of total ribosome populations and their in vitro translation capacities were independent of the height of the tree or place of collection, but both were dependent on the season; the amount of ribosomes per fresh weight of buds was lower in spring than in winter, whereas the translation capacity in spring exceeded that in winter. Poly(A)+RNA was purified from the ribosomes and translated in vitro and the translation products were separated by sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The polypeptide patterns proved that changes in gene expression can occur in plants growing outdoors even during the season of severe cold. In the climate chamber experiments, lengthening of the daily photoperiod increased the in vitro translation capacity of the buds within 7 days even at temperatures below 0°C, whereas a rise in temperature seemed to cause a more transient stress effect. Both treatments induced alterations in the pattern of in vitro polypeptide synthesis. It is suggested that while improvements in both light and temperature hastened the development of the buds under experimental growth conditions, the lengthening of the day may be the factor which induces a change in wintertime metabolism under natural conditions

ISSN:0031-9317    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1990.tb05235.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The polypeptides in the leaf blades, petioles and apices from photoinduced and noninducedXanthium strumariumL. were compared by two dimensional gel‐electrophoresis. A 15 kDa and a 16 kDa polypeptide were detected in gels of the leaf blade from noninduced, but not from induced, plants. Similarly, an acidic 9 kDa polypeptide was detected in the apices from noninduced plants, but not in apices from induced plants. Both the apices and petioles from noninduced plants showed a 34 kDa polypeptide which was absent in tissues from induced plants. Thus, the disappearence of identifiable polypeptides from photoinduced tissues may be associated with the photoinductive short‐day treatment that leads to flower

ISSN:0031-9317    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1990.tb05236.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Rice (Oryza sativaL.) callus cultures modified the atmosphere of the headspace of the vessel used for culture maintenance by producing carbon dioxide, ethanol and ethylene, while utilizing oxygen. Small quantities of acetaldehyde and ethane were also measured in one cultivar. Under these conditions of culture maintenance, callus from some cultivars were much more difficult to keep alive than callus from others. The largest proportion of necrotic callus was produced from cultures growing under conditions of high ethylene production and low oxygen utilization. When callus was exposed to a controlled flowing gas mixture similar to that accumulated above necrotic callus, growth of 2 necrosis‐susceptible cultivars was more strongly inhibited than growth of 2 necrosis‐tolerant cultivars. The poor callus growth was associated with higher ethylene production and a lower rate of oxygen utilizat

ISSN:0031-9317    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1990.tb05237.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The ability of clinostats to simulate microgravity was evaluated by comparing lentil (Lens culinnriasL. cv. Verte du Puy) seedlings grown in space (Spacelab D1 Mission) with seedlings grown on a slowly rotating elinostat. Seeds were germinated and incubated for 25.5 h at 22°C (1) in microgravity, (2) on a 1g‐centrifuge in space. (3) on a slowly rotating elinostat and (4) on the ground. Morphological (root length and orientation) and ultrastructural (distribution of amyloplasts, location of the nucleus in statocytes) parameters were studied. For clinostat experiments, two different configurations were employed: the longitudinal axis of the root was parallel (horizontal elinorotation) or perpendicular (vertical elinorotation) to the axis of rotation. the same configurations were used for the lg‐controls. Root length and orientation were similar for roots grown on the clinostat and in microgravity. The amyloplasts were identically distributed in statocytes of horizontally clinorolated roots and in statocytes differentiated in microgravity. However, the location of the nucleus was similar in vertically rotated roots and microgravity samples. Since the involvement of the nucleus in graviperception is not known, it can be concluded that horizontal clinorotation simulates microgravity better than vertical elinorota

ISSN:0031-9317    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1990.tb05238.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Plantlets ofSolanum commersoniistem‐culture were acclimated at 5°C day/night temperature for 14 days. Cold hardiness increased from – 3.5°C to – 8.6°C. During the course of acclimation, the synthesis of polypeptides was investigated and poly (A+) RNA was isolated. Translation products of poly(A+) RNA in a rabbit rcticulocyte lysate system were then analyzed. During the 14 days of acclimation, 23 cold‐induced polypeptides were identified. Most of them disappeared following 1 day of de‐acclimation at a 20/15°C day/night regime. The synthesis of one group of polypeptides is prominent and stable throughout the acclimation period. The other group is transient. The most prominent and stable polypeptides have molecular weights of 21, 22, 31 and 83 kDa.Acclimation alters translatable mRNA population during the development of cold hardiness. Two mRNAs encoding in vitro translation products at 26 and 27 kDa were identified during the course of acclimation. These proteins may play important roles in the overall programming for the development of cold hardiness in tuber‐bearin

ISSN:0031-9317    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1990.tb05239.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The extent of interference from xylem sap in an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay was determined for a woody perennial [Populus trichocarpaTorr.&Gray xP deltoidesBart, ex Marsh (Hybrid 1l–ll)] and a herbaceous annual (Phasesolus vulgarisL. cv. Contender). Crude xylem sap collected from excised roots from both species interfered with the assay for zeatin riboside. Assays for zeatin riboside in xylem sap collected from Popidus overestimated endogenous levels, and added standards could not be accurately measured from a range of sap dilutions. WhenPhaseolusplants were grown under various nutrient regimens, interference in the assay was dependent on nutrient availability. Of xylem sap components (inorganic minerals, amino acids and sucrose) which may vary with environmental conditions or among species, only sucrose interfered at the concentrations tested. Since the pH of xylem sap varies it was necessary to buffer samples prior to analysis. Partial purification using anion exchange columns and Sep‐Paks cffectively eliminated interference. These results demonstrate that estimates of plant growth regulators in xylem sap by the ELISA (enzyme‐linked immunosorbant assay) method can be influenced by species and environmental conditions such as plant nutritional

ISSN:0031-9317    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1990.tb05240.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Four wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) varieties cultivated in different climates from subtropics to North Patagonia were used to study sucrose and fructan metabolism in plants when submitted to a cold period. Higher levels of sugars were found in the more cold tolerant cultivars. Sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13) and sucrose phosphate synthase (EC 2.4.1.14) activities showed a 2–3 fold increase when plants were grown at 4°C for 10 days. The more cold‐tolerant wheat cultivars also showed the higher levels of enzyme activities. These metabolical changes were not due to anatomical or morphological differences produced during growth a

ISSN:0031-9317    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1990.tb05241.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The association of enzyme activities in developing kernels with specific storage product accumulation at maturity was analyzed in different parts ofZea maysinbred OH43 kernels. Maize kernels were harvested at 20 and 55 days post‐pollination and dissected into basal region, pericarp, embryo, lower endosperm, middle endosperm and upper endosperm. Mature (55 days pos(‐pollination) kernel parts were analyzed for starch, total protein, zein and oil content. Immature (20 days post‐pollination) kernel parts were assayed for activities of 15 enzymes of sugar and amino acid metabolism. Statistical analyses of the data suggested that glucokinase (EC 2.7.1.2) fructokinase (EC 2.7.1.4) and phosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.1 11) activities were primarily associated with oil accumulation, whereas ADP′‐glueose pyrophosphorylasc (EC 2.7.7.27) and sucrose synthase (EC 2.4.1.13) activities were associated with starch accumulation. The results suggest that oil biosynthesis utilizes inveitase‐mediated sucrose degradation in a pathway not requiring pyrophosphatc. whereas starch biosynthesis utilizes a sucrose synthase‐mediated pathway of sucrose degradation in a pathway requiring pyrophosphatc. Additional groups of enzyme activities were associated with each oilier but not with any specific storage product and appeared to be associated with general metab

ISSN:0031-9317    

DOI:10.1111/j.1399-3054.1990.tb05242.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY