摘要:

Two new diagnostic techniques based on the compression of the eye are described. The simplified bulbar pressure test includes the compression of the eyeball through the upper eyelid by a finger for three minutes and subsequent analyses of the intra‐ocular or volume changes. The test proved to be useful for the early detection of chronic glaucoma.The biomicroscopic compression tast is based on the difference in the reaction of the aqueous veins to the compression of the globe with the force of 30 to 50 g for three minutes. During this period of time the aqueous veins are dilated in normal eyes and tend to be filled with blood in eyes with primary open‐angle glauc

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1972.tb06603.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Bei einer zwanzigjährigen Patientin mit Ullrich‐Turner‐Syndrom wird auf die Anhäufung vielfältiger Missbildungen hingewiesen. Die Zugehörigkeit in diesem Falle zu einem Ulrich‐Turner‐Syndrom wurde durch die Chromosomenanalyse exakt nachgewiesen. Die hier beschriebene familiäre Kombination eines unseres Wissens erstmalig vorgekommenen Ullrich‐Turner‐Syndroms mit bei Zwillingen diagnostizierten Marmorknochenkrankheit ist unseres Erachtens in der Literatur noch nicht beschrieben worden. Auf die Bedeutung einer frühzeitigen Behandlung

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1972.tb06604.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Accommodation was measured in 78 dyslectic children, of whom 21 gave abnormal or subnormal readings. These were given a thorough orthoptic investigation which showed: 1. accommodative insufficiency, 2. convergence deficiency, 3. defective visual acuity in one or both eyes for near in spite of 6/6 at 6 m in the majority of the cases.The investigation showed defective dissociation of accommodation and convergence.Fifteen accepted the offer of treatment. Through orthoptic treatment they all improve and 13 could be discharged as orthoptically satisfactory.

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1972.tb06605.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Sixty patients treated for various systemic diseases with long‐term steroids of varying dosages and durations showed a significantly higher mean applanation pressure than both a normal control group and literature populations. There was no significant difference between these groups for tonographic C values before drinking water, but lower values for C and higher values of the log of the Po/C ratio were found in the steroid group after water drinking. Cumulative per cent‐frequency plots for applanation pressures of the steroid patients revealed an obvious deviation to the right from a straight line in the upper end of the curve starting at the point of 60%, representing patients with pressures of 20 mmHg or higher. Presence of a higher mean applanation pressure and absence of an adequately reduced outflow facility in the systemic steroid group are interpreted as evidence of an increased formation of aqueous humor in individuals treated with steroids by this route. Analysis of the influence of dosage and duration of treatment disclosed that differences in the mean applanation pressure between these subgroups were not due either to duration or dosage of treatment but to the presence or absence of individuals within the group responding to steroids with an increase of pressure. The proof of this fact will be presented in the second p

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1972.tb06606.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In 59 patients treated with long‐term systemic steroids, 3 distinct groups with different levels of sensitivity to the steroid effect on intraocular pressure and fluid dynamics could be distinguished by a topical dexame‐thasone test. The percental distribution of the 3 pressure‐rise‐level groups and the mean pressure change within each group were equal to those found in a normal population not pre‐treated with systemic steroids. Whereas only 16% of the patients with steroid pressures lower than 18 mmHg were sensitive to topically applied dexamethasone, 70% of the patients responding with intermediate and high pressure rise to topical dexamethasone had systemic steroid pressures in the range of 18 mmHg or more. The effect of systemic steroids on ocular pressure apparently does not affect the magnitude of pressure elevation induced in the positive responders by topical dexamethasone.Intergroup analysis of the steroid group classified according to dosage and duration of treatment proved that differences in mean values of applanation pressure between the subgroups depend solely on the proportion of positive and negative steroid responders within the subgroups.The mean systemic steroid C value in the group of patients responding to topical steroid with pressure elevation of 6 mmHg or more was only 10% lower than the same value in patients regarded as non‐responders by the topical dexamethasone test. While pressures of 20 mmHg or more in systemic steroid patients are strongly suspected to be due to the steroid effect, systemic steroid C values lack such predictive value. In accordance with Armaly it was found that the magnitude of the reduction in outflow facility after topically applied dexamethasone was directly related to the initial C and irrespective of this value was greater by a constant and equal amount in steroid responders than in non‐responders. It was similarly found that while in non‐responders the per cent reduction in C values after topical dexamethasone increased with the initial C value, in responders the reduction remained fairly constant and independent of the original C value. It amounted in our steroid patients to almost the same value (50%) as in Armaly's group of normal volunteers. The rate of formation of aqueous humor effected by systemic steroids was higher in patients classified as responders according to the effect of topical steroids on the pressure or the outflow facility. This fact is evidence that systemic steroids exert their influence on ocular pressure in sensitive individuals mainly by an i

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1972.tb06607.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A method of studying the intraocular pressure and the ocular pulse pressure by means of pneumatic tonometry is described. Reproducible recordings have been obtained even in conscious rabbits and dogs. The reliability of the recordings of the ocular pulse pressure, or the ocular pulse wave amplitudes, has been confirmed by comparison with a mano‐metric system in which particular attention was paid in the design to avoid damping of the pulse waves. There was fairly good agreement between the values of the pulse pressures obtained with these two methods. Values of intraocular pressures and ocular pulse pressures recorded with the pneumatic tonometer in normal human, rabbit, and dog eyes are given. The ocular pulse pressure values found were considerably higher than those reported by investigators using other methods and other experimental condition

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1972.tb06608.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The biomicroscopic, ophthalmoscopic and fluorescein angiographic features of macular detachment secondary to congenital pit of the optic nerve head in three patients are presented. Fluorescein angiography failed to demonstrate evidence of dye leakage from choroidal, retinal or optic nerve blood vessels into the subretinal fluid. Diffuse fluorescence in the area of serous detachment, due to transmission of choroidal fluorescence through defects in the pigment epithelium, was demonstrated in one patient. All of these three patients were treated with photocoagulation along the temporal margin of the optic nerve head.A possible good result of this therapy is discussed.

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1972.tb06609.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Topical dexamethasone tests performed on 13 patients receiving long‐term systemic steroids proved that the response also to this route of steroid administration is genetically determined and differs only quantitatively but not in principle from that to topical application. Pre‐systemic steroid values of ocular pressure and outflow facility of probands were calculated from data of the first degree relatives. Systemic steroids produce in steroid‐responsive individuals pressure rises which average 60% of those produced by topically applied steroids. Systemic steroids reduce outflow facility by an average of 25%, while the reduction with topical steroids amounts t

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1972.tb06610.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The oxygen tension in the vitreous body close to the retina, PvrO2, was determined continuously in cats. The effects on PvrO2of intraarterial injections of various vasoactive drugs were determined. The vasoconstrictors norepinephrine, angiotensin and dihydroergotamine did not change PvrO2in five cats. The same result was obtained with the vasodilators isoproterenol, histamine and xanthinol nicotinate in five cats, and with nicotinic acid in six cats, while papaverine invariably increased PvrO2in seven cats when injected intraarterially and in two cats when injected intravenously. It is suggested that the ability to penetrate the blood‐retinal barrier may play an important role in determining the effect of vaso‐active drugs on retinal blood f

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1972.tb06611.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

An apparatus designed for continuous recording of applanating force at constant intraocular pressure is described. The applanating surface is a wall of a pressure chamber, the central aperture of which is covered with a flexible membrane. A pressure difference between the eye and the pressure chamber is indicated by a curvature of this membrane. An electric signal indicating the degree of curvature of the membrane controls the applanating force. Calibration studies on enucleated human eyes of the relationship between the intraocular pressure and the pressure in the pressure chamber are performed. The results and methodological errors are discussed with regard to possible future use of the apparatus in experiments on living human eyes.

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1972.tb06612.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY