摘要:

AbstractFucithalmic®, which is 1% fusidic acid in a sustained‐release eye preparation, was shown to be superior to both chloramphenicol eye drops and framycetin (Soframycin®) eye drops in the treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis in Tanzania. The clinical success rate was 77/83 (93%) on fusidic acid compared with 22/46 (48% on chloramphenicol and 26/35 (74%) on framycetin (P≤ 0.02). The better effect of fusidic acid could be ascribed to a much lower rate of in vitro resistance (17%) compared to chloramphenicol (58%) and framycetin (41%). Because of the low resistance rate to fusidic acid among eye pathogens, especially in areas of the world with a high resistance towards other commonly used eye anti‐infectives, Fucithalmic given twice daily would seem to be a valuable new eye anti‐

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1987.tb06989.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractConjunctival fluid pH was measured pre‐ and post‐operatively in 16 patients suffering from senile cataract. We found a significant increase (P0.05). No significant pre‐operative difference was shown between the two eyes. It is reasonable to assume that the composition of the transudate/exudate from the conjunctival vessels might be responsible for the chang

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1987.tb06990.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe lower lids of 274 normal subjects have been examined in the slit‐lamp for expressibility of secretion from the Meibomian glands. Secretion could be expressed from on an average 10 glands (median 11), dependent on age, decreasing with increasing age (from 14.5 glands at about the age of 20 to 7 glands above the age of 80). The expressibility was seen to be positively correlated to the thickness of the lipid layer of the precorneal film, estimated by the semiquantitative interference method. It was positively correlated to pigmentation and to ordinary greasy scales on the lid margin. The expressibility negatively correlated to retraction of the Meibomian orifices. The expressibility was found not to be correlated to elevated orifices, foam formation in the external part of the eye, cysts in the tarsus, nor with casts round the eyelashes. It is important to distinguish between cylindric casts (Demo‐dex‐induced) and ordinary greasy scales on eye lashes and lid m

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1987.tb06991.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFoam in the external part of the eye has been measured at the slit‐lamp on 274 normal subjects. Foam occurred in 78%, most frequently in the outer canthus, on the skin round this, and in the lateral half of the lid margin. The age group of 30–50 years predominated. The foam‐covered areas averaged 1.1 mm2, the largest amount always being found laterally (0.93 mm2). The lateral amount of foam was maximal in the age group of 30–50 years, while the medial maximum was seen in the age group of 60–70 years. The incidence of foam was not correlated to the lipid layer on the precorneal film, expressibility of Meibomian secretion, scales on the lid margin, or greasy hair. A hypothesis has been advanced for the mainly lateral position of the foam: blinking whips up the foam, which possibly has sebu

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1987.tb06992.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA clinical method of measuring central‐peripheral corresponding values of corneal thickness and measurement positions in the horizontal meridian is described. Employing a fitting procedure it is demonstrated that the relative increase in the corneal thickness from apex to limbus is proportional to the square of the chord distance. The proportionality factor is defined as the coefficient of thickness variation (TV). Tmis defined as the minimal corneal thickness. In relation to the visual axis the chord distance xmdenote the temporal or nasal position of Tm. TV, Tmand xmare characteristic constants of a particular eye. Measuring the corneal thickness and the chord distance in mm pooled values of 80 eyes demonstrates (x̄ ± SD) Tmto be 0.575 ± 0.027, and TV to be 0.0088 ± 0.0020. With the normal interval in parenthes these results imply an enlargement of corneal thickness 0.9% (0.4–1.3%) 1 mm and 22% (12–32%) 5 mm from the visual axis. With respect to the position of Tm21 eyes (26%) showed a median temporal displacement at 0.4 mm, 4 eyes (5%) showed a median nasal displacement at 0.3 mm and 55 eyes (69%) showed no significant displacement. This corresponds to the ususal angle kappa value, which clinically expresses the often slight nasal decentration of the visual axis relative to the o

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1987.tb06993.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe swelling pressure of 62 ± 2 mmHg and the fixed charge concentration of 15.7 ± 1.9 mmol/kg H2O were determined in bovine corneal stroma using a dialysis method. The hydration of the dialyzed stromal tissues was independent of ambient Na concentration. The same relationship was observed by incubation of whole corneas mounted in modified Ussing chamber

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1987.tb06994.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA peculiar hereditary corneal disease seen in one pedigree is presented. The disease manifests itself as transient attacks of kerato‐endotheliitis. These attacks last from a few days to some weeks. Clinically, corneal oedema and endothelial guttata‐like changes with very slight anterior chamber reaction can be seen; after many attacks there may be permanent opacities in the stroma. Endothelial specular photography during an attack reveals dramatic changes: large black non‐reflecting areas between quite normal‐looking hexagonal cells. Also between the attacks and among family members who have no clinical corneal disease, changes in the endothelium: black spots in the centres of endothelial cells and marked pleomorphism, are to be seen. Among the family members a high incidence of collagen diseases wa

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1987.tb06995.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn a population study of all insulin‐treated diabetics and a random sample of those treated with oral antihyperglycaemic agents (OHA) in Gotland, Sweden, the visual acuity (VA) was determined. The prevalence rates of visual impairment (VA 0.1–0.2) and blindness (VA<0.1) in the insulin‐treated group were 4.9 and 4.4%, respectively, and in OHA‐treated diabetics 7.2 and 1.4%. The impairment and blindness were due to diabetic retinopathy (Rp) in 72% of the insulin‐treated group, but only in 14% of the OHA‐treated diabetics in whom cataract and age‐related maculopathy were the predominant causes. Blindness was four times more frequent among insulin‐treated females than males. On simple logistic regression test VA correlated with Rp, age at examination, age at onset of diabetes, duration of diabetes and sex. However, on multiple logistic regression analysis the only significant relationships with VA were 1) in the insulin‐treated group, a correlation with Rp and age; and 2) in the OHA‐treated group, a correlation with age only. Thus the higher frequency of blindness in insulin‐treated women was explained by Rp and age. When standardizing for age, the fraction of blind patients was found to be significantly higher among the insulin‐treated than in the OHA‐treate

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1987.tb06996.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe colour vision of 50 diabetic patients was examined with two screening tests, Standard Pseudoisochromatic Plates part 2 (SPP 2) and Farnsworth Panel D 15 (Panel D 15) test and with two diagnostic tests, Nagel anomaloscope and Farnsworth‐Munsell 100‐hue test. The performance of the diabetic patients in colour vision tests was compared to their performance in colour dependent urine and blood glucose tests. Fourteen of the patients failed the glucose tests, and they failed both of the screening tests as well. The diagnostic tests showed that all of them had a blue‐yellow defect and 10 of them also had a red‐green defect. The rest of the patients, 36, read the glucose tests correctly, but 17 of them failed the SPP 2 screening test, and 5 failed the Panel D 15 screening test. In diagnostic tests there were 15 patients with normal colour vision, one patient with a red‐green defect, 13 patients with a blue‐yellow defect, and 7 patients with both a red‐green and a blue‐yellow defect. The colour vision defect in diabetic patients is most often a blue‐yellow defect or a combined blue‐yellow and red‐green defect. Therefore, the usual pseudoisochromatic plates, e.g. the Ishihara test, are not sufficient in screening because they screen only red‐green defects. The screening tests should contain both a red‐green and a blue‐yellow part. The screening tests of the present study, SPP 2 and Panel D 15, do so, and they can be used together, or the Panel D 15 test can also be used as an only test to distinguish those colour defective diabetic patients who are not able to reliably interprete the colour depe

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1987.tb06997.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwenty‐four insulin‐dependent juvenile diabetics with no or minimal background retinopathy were randomly allocated to conventional insulin therapy (CIT) or continuous sc insulin infusion (CSII) administrated by a portable pump. At the present 3 year follow‐up, there was one drop‐out in the CSII group. Although the metabolic control was significantly better in the CSII patients, both groups improved significantly in metabolic control during the observation period. After 3 years, the HbA1c level was 7.4% ± 1.2 (± SD) in the CSII patients and 8.6% ± 1.6 in the CIT patients (P0.05). None of the patients were seen to develop soft exudates or neovascularisations. This study confirms the impression gained from a previous one‐year follow‐up of similar progression of retinopathy in patients o

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1987.tb06998.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY