摘要:

AbstractIn order to assess the sensitivity to draught of 7 different tests, 41 volunteer subjects were exposed experimentally: 18 to 1.0 m/s and 9 to 0.5 m/s in a climate chamber: 14 to an average of 0.67 m/s in an air‐conditioned car. All exposures were at 21–22°C. Exposures were for 30 min indoors, 45 min in the car. Break‐up Time (BUT) of the pre‐corneal film after a blink was observed before and after exposure in the laboratory. There was a significant decrease after exposure to 1.0 m/s (P<0.01) but not to 0.5 m/s. The variance of the observed BUT increased after exposure to 0.5 m/s (P<0.05). The Norn Lacrimal Dilution test showed increased tear flow after the climate‐chamber exposures (P<0.05). Self‐reported BUT(S) was always several times longer than BUT. There was a significant correlation between these measures (P<0.05) before exposure, but not after. BUT(S), like BUT, decreased after exposure to 1.0 m/s (P<0.01), but not after 0.5 m/s. However, the variance of BUT(S) did not increase significantly after 0.5 m/s; it decreased significantly after 1.0 m/s (P<0.01). A significantly improved mucus ferning pattern was observed after draught exposure (P<0.005), presumably due in part to increased lacrimal flow. There was no significant effect of draught on the albumin content of tear samples taken before and after exposure. Lissamine Green staining performed before and after exposure revealed no effect on micro‐damage to the conjunctival epithelium. BUT(S) was also obtained every 5 min during the exposure. This was the only response measure used in the car. BUT(S) decreased from pre‐exposure values within the first 10 min at 0.5 m/s (P<0.04) and at 1.0 m/s (P<0.03). After 20 min BUT(S) was higher during exposure to 0.5 m/s than to 1.0 m/s (P<0.02). This difference decreased with continued exposure. In the car, BUT(S) also decreased significantly after 10 min (P<0.02). It is concluded that BUT(S) can be used as a sensitive field measure for the study of draughts in moving vehicles, as it may be obtained even

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1987.tb07011.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe concentrations of serum albumin (SA) in the conjunctival fluid were measured in 25 patients before surgery and in the post‐operative period following cataract extraction. We found a significant increase in mean tear fluid SA concentration on the first post‐operative day. The SA concentration remained high during the first 3 pre‐operative levels. No correlation between the post‐operative concentration profile of tear fluid SA and earlier findings of the tear lactoferrin (LF) profile of the same group of patients (Jensen et al. 1985) could be shown, although a trend towards an inverse relationship was apparent from the graphs. Pre‐operatively, we found a significant positive correlation between age and concentration of SA in the conjunctival fluid (P<0.05) which might be interpreted as an increase in leakage from conjunctival vessels with age. This would, at least partly, explain the decreasing LF concentration with age (Jensen et al. 1986; McGill et al. 1984). It is concluded that transudate/exudate from the conjunctival vessels, represented by the change in the SA concentration in the conjunctival fluid, might be responsible for an initial post‐operatively reduced concentration of LF and possibly other lacrimal gla

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1987.tb07012.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMethyl cellulose instillation enhanced the values of BUT in healthy individuals, as well as in patients with trachoma stage III and chronic conjunctivitis, while no effect was observed in patients with squamous blepharitis.

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1987.tb07013.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExtracapsular cataract surgery with posterior chamber lens implantation was performed in a total of 30 patients. These were randomly divided into two groups. In one group sodium hyaluronate 1% (Healon®) was used as a tool in surgery, in the other group methylcellulose 2% was used. The viscous substances were irrigated out of the eyes at the conclusion of surgery. Central corneal thickness, intraocular pressure, and aqueous flare were recorded until one month post‐operatively. There was no difference in corneal thickness between the two groups. The mean intraocular pressure was lower than pre‐operatively in both groups with a lower pressure in the methylcellulose group compared to the sodium hyaluronate group during the first part of the observation pe

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1987.tb07014.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe sought to determine the effect on rat conjunctival mast cells of chronic exposure to a degranulating agent. Compound 48/80 (250 μg in 10 μl) was applied daily to the ocular surface of rats for a total of 13 treatments administered in 17 days. A single application of compound 48/80 was given to rats for comparison. Four groups of animals (6 in each group) were evaluated 1 or 48 h after the last application of compound 48/80 in both chronic exposure and single exposure studies. Although a single exposure to compound 48/80 induced significant degranulation of mast cells in animals observed 1 h after treatment, no significant degranulation of mast cells was observed 1 h after the last dose of compound 48/80 was given to rats whose conjunctiva had been chronically exposed to this degranulating agent. Thus, multiple applications of compound 48/80 attenuated the mast cell response to compound 48/80. This acquired tolerance to compound 48/80 was reflected in the lessened clinical signs in rats receiving repeated applications compared with those given a single applicatio

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1987.tb07015.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA family with pterygium affecting 11 members of 3 generations was reported. Although the disease is not necessarily hereditary in most of the patients, the mode of transmission in this particular family was autosomal dominant. The relationship between individual predisposition and the external factors in pterygium formation is briefly discussed.

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1987.tb07016.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEighty‐two hydrogel extended wear contact lenses (EWCL) from four brands were tested for overall quality and variations in specified parameters. Two of the EWCL brands were approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for wear by the public, while two of the brands were uninvestigated. In addition, the packaging solution was examined for osmolarity and pH. All brands were delivered with solutions that had estimated means of pH and osmolarity departing from what may be considered ideal physiologically. The EWCLs all had a consistent power and an acceptable thickness reproducibility. One of the FDA approved brands, demonstrated diameter variations of a magnitude that may produce an unpredictability in the lens fit. Several lenses of one brand suffered from edge quality deficiences. Although the FDA clinical trial is designed to control the clinical performance of contact lenses prior to the market entry, the results of the present investigation indicate that an authority independent of the manufacturer should regularly sample the lens quality. It is for this purpose imperative that standards for contact lenses are establishe

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1987.tb07017.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn these experiments, the binding of ouabain, a specific inhibitor of NA,K‐ATPase is visualized in bovine cornea using an immunohistochemical method. Due to cross‐reactivity between ouabain and digitoxin antiserum, the ouabain binding is demonstrated after an immunological labelling with fluorescein. As shown in the corneal tissue sections and in the epithelial and endothelial cell preparations, a bright fluorescence of the endothelial cell membranes is observed in corneae incubated in 10‐5‐10‐3mol/l ouabain. In the epithelium, only a weak binding of the ouabain is observed at the basolateral membrane after incubation in 10‐3mo

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1987.tb07018.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWith donor material kept under banking conditions, corneal grafting is today an elective routine surgical procedure. Increasing evidence suggests that the clinical results may be improved by HLA matching. However, serological tests require that a blood sample be taken while the donor is still alive or shortly post mortem. We report HLA‐DR donor typing with a DNA hybridization technique using DNA isolated from the donor eye more than 24 h post mortem. The practical implications of this procedure are briefly discusse

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1987.tb07019.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe combination of penetrating keratoplasty, cataract extraction and intraocular lens implantation, the triple procedure, is the surgical choice for the patients with corneal disease and cataract. The success of the corneal graft depends chiefly on the endothelium of the transplanted cornea. Preservation, donor age, cadaver time, histocompatibility and operation itself affect endothelial cells. We present clinical results including endothelial evaluation of 20 patients who have undergone the triple procedure during the years 1984–1986. Mean age was 73 years. The follow‐up time varied from 1 to 30 months. The visual recovery was very good. Every patient had better visual acuity post‐operatively than pre‐operatively. We had no operative complications. Three patients had rejection episodes which all were cured with cortisone. No re‐transplantations were needed. The mean endothelial cell density was 1723 cells/mm2. The possible factors affecting the outcome are

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1987.tb07020.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1987

数据来源: WILEY