摘要:

Abstract.Three patients are described showing corneal changes of unknown origin previously not described. The changes consist of discrete opacities mostly located in the epithelium of the cornea. The opacities are arranged in a continuous arc originating from the limbus with the vertex extending towards the optic zone. The cornea inside and outside the arc was normal during the early stages of the disease. In two of the cases a progress of the changes were recorded and a stromal opacity developed inside the arc. The three cases were all unilateral. Bacterial and fungal cultures, virus isolation, several blood tests, serology and immunological tests have been negative. Light‐ and electron microscopy of biopsied material show intracellular specific epithelial cell changes in the form of perinuclear vacuoles. None of the treatments tried were successfu

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1990.tb01685.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The effect of reduced tear drainage on the intraocular peneration of topically applied fluorescein was studied with fluorophotometry in healthy eyes. Corneal and aqueous flourescein concentrations could not be followed for the first hour after application of fluorescein because tear film fluorescense influenced fluorophotometric determinations of fluorescein concentrations in cornea and aqueous for at least 30 min. Insertion of punctal plugs in the upper and lower punctum of one eye caused a significant (P<0.025) increase in aqueous fluorescein concentrations 1 to 8 h after application of 20 μl of a 2% solution of sodium fluorescein in the lower conjunctival sac. The achieved concentrations were almost 4 times as large as in the fellow eye. There was some individual variation, but a marked increase was observed in 9 of 11 subjects. Attempts to reduce tear drainage by compressing the tear sac and/or closing the eye lids for 1 min after application of the eye drop had no significant effect on corneal or aqueous concentrations of fluorescein 1 to 8 h later

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1990.tb01686.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The eyes of female pigmented rabbits were exposed to a single dose of UV‐B (300 + 9 nm, 0.05 J/cm2total dose) between 13.30 and 15.00 h. The average irradiance was 225 + 36 μW/cm2delivered over 191 to 264 s. At various time periods thereafter (24, 48, 72 and 96 h post‐irradiation), the animals were euthanized by pentobarbital overdose and the eyes fixed with 2% glutaraldehyde in 80 mM cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4, total osmolarity of 330–340 mOsm/L). Corneal quadrants were examined by high resolution scanning electron microscopy at 100 × and 500 × at‐stage magnification at central, mid‐peripheral and peripheral sites. The micographs from the central cornea were subjected to a quantitative analysis using a computer based digitization system. A peak effect was observed at 48 h at which cellular exfoliation was noted at the corneal apex. In the region immediately adjacent to the exfoliating cells, the number of light and dark electron reflex cells decreased to 48 h while the numbers of medium‐reflex cells decreased after 48 h. The relative surface area of all cells was also decreased at 48 h compared to unirradiated controls. Significant recovery was observed by 96 h. Mid‐peripheral and peripheral sites were largely unaffected by this just supra‐thr

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1990.tb01687.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.This study presents data from 73 neonatal and 60 adult patients with chlamydial conjunctivitis who were studied by culture, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunofluorescence (IF) tests. All patients had visited three or more doctors before the diagnosis was established. Fourteen of the adults had consulted an ophthalmological emergency unit complaining of a foreign body sensation in the eye. The symptoms started monocularly in all 133 cases, however, the fellow eye was affected after 2–7 days in 54 of the neonates and in 5–30 days in 20 of the adult patients. The duration of symptoms before the etiological diagnosis was established was 5–198 days (mean 24 and median 15 days) in the neonates and 7–120 (mean 29 and median 22 days) in the adults. The conjunctivitis was mild, moderate and severe in 7, 72 and 48 of the neonatal eyes, when the etiological diagnosis was established. The corresponding figures for severity of conjunctivitis in the adult group were 9, 57 and 14. Nasopharyngeal colonization occurred in 56 (77%) of the children and in 35 (58%) of the adults. In the adults, only two males complained of symptoms of genital infection. In 46 (77%) adults one or more of the chlamydial diagnostic tests performed on genital samples was positive for Chlamydia trachomatis. Forty‐five of the neonates were treated with erythromycin 40–50 mg per kg body weight divided in four daily doses for 14 days, while 35 of the adults were given 250 mg × 4 times 14 of erythromycin. At follow‐up, approximately two weeks later, one neonate and one adult still had culture‐positive nasopharyngeal samples. After a further course of treatment with the same drug, samples had become negative. Check‐up of 29 neonates and 23 adults after one year did not reveal

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1990.tb01688.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Simvastatin, a potent blood lipid reducer, has been suspected of inducing cataract in dogs. Twenty‐nine type II hyperlipidemic patients on simvastatin were followed over 2 years at half‐year intervals. A parallel group of sex‐ and age‐matched normolipidemics were followed over a half year. Patients and controls had similar nuclear and cortical lens opacities, and water clefts. Vacuole number did not differ significantly between right and left eyes, nor between nasal and temporal parts of the lenses. General vacuole index (total vacuole number in a patient) for left eyes was analysed further. Controls showed significantly higher indices than patients, for no obvious reason. Indices for controls increased significantly over the half‐year test period, and among patients over each half‐year interval. The speed of this increase did not differ significantly from that of the controls. Furthermore, the increase was judged to be clinically insignificant. No deleterious effect of simvastatin on the lens could be

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1990.tb01689.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Sporadic reports describing cases of corneal deformation (i.e. corneal warpage with astigmatism or keratoconus) after a minimum of about 4 years' contact lens wear are condensed into Table 1. Some severe cases required corneal grafting. Eight personal cases are described in Table 2, including two who have worn only soft lenses and one who has worn soft lenses for 6 out of 7 years. It is suggested that although some cases of this corneal distortion might well have occurred without contact lenses, the trauma of years of contact lens wear is causative if the individual's cornea is predisposed, possibly by the carrier state of hereditary naturally‐occurring keratoconus. A risk‐averse patient and practitioner would probably add this to other possible complications, and restrict contact lenses to eyes with more severe refractive errors, and minimise the wearing t

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1990.tb01690.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.In this study on retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) evaluation in early glaucoma we investigated whether the greatest retinal vein width is a usable measure to distinguish physiological findings from beginning pathological defects. Seven normal control eyes and 23 glaucomatous eyes with small relative Octopus defects (>10 db and<20 db) were photographed. In the control group 3 eyes had no RNFL loss, 4 eyes had localized defect<1 vein width. In the glaucoma group 1 eye had a localized defect1 vein width. According to this definition our study showed a specificity of 100% and sensitivity of 95% which means that the method is usable as an extra parameter in the diagnosis of early glaucom

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1990.tb01691.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.We tested 10 healthy subjects on the Humphrey Field Analyzer using Goldmann stimulus sizes I‐V to determine the effect of varying the area of the stimulus upon threshold fluctuation. Our results show similar components of fluctuation for the size III stimulus as in past studies. However, an increased total fluctuation was observed for Goldmann stimulus sizes I (3.69 decibels) and II (3.17 decibels) and a similar fluctuation for stimulus sizes IV (2.64 decibels) and V (2.51 decibels) as compared to stimulus size III (2.52 decibels). The study suggests no advantage results in reduced threshold fluctuation by changing the Goldmann stimulus from a size III when testing normal individuals on the Humphrey Field Analyze

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1990.tb01692.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Correlation of psychophysical tests and structural changes is essential in the management of glaucoma. We compared the mean sensitivity and the short‐term fluctuation in eyes with and without defects in the retinal nerve fibre layer in 41 glaucoma patients and 40 controls. In the glaucoma group 87.2% of eyes with visual field defects and 42.3% without visual field defects showed nerve fibre loss. In the control group 36.3% showed nerve fibre loss. In manifest glaucoma the mean sensitivity was 10.9 + 7.2 dB in eyes with nerve fibre loss and 19.2+3.9 dB in eyes without nerve fibre loss. This difference was statistically significant. The corresponding difference in glaucoma suspects and controls was not statistically significant. There was no difference between the short‐term fluctuation in the three groups regardless of nerve fibre l

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1990.tb01693.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.We studied 45 primary open‐angle glaucoma patients consecutively examined with the program 30–2 on the Humphrey Field Analyzer to determine factors associated with a learning effect between the first two visual field exams. The average mean defect significantly decreased 1.7 dB between exams (P<0.05). No difference was noted in learning based on: the time interval between tests, the area of the field tested, age, sex, race, previous perimetric experience or parameters on the initial field exam (i.e. prevalence of false positive and negative errors, central reference level and eye tested (P<0.05). However, learning positively correlated to defect depth and negatively correlated to fixation losses on the initial exam in patients retested within seven months (P<0.05). This study suggests predicting which patients require a second baseline field exam to exclude a learning effect is difficult, except in those with glaucomatous field loss or few fixation losses and another field is planned within a half y

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1990.tb01694.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1990

数据来源: WILEY