摘要:

Abstract.Attention is drawn to a statistical notion called conditional probabilities. The importance of understanding this concept and the dangers of mis‐understanding it is illustrated by means of a few example

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04048.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The efficacy of treating diabetic neovascular glaucoma by panretinal cryotherapy and trabeculectomy was studied over post‐operative periods of 6–24 months in 26 selected eyes (8 acute cases and 18 chronic cases). The only complications attributable to surgery were slight hyphemas. Mean pre‐operative intraocular pressure (IOP) among the acute cases was 48.8 ± 9.9 mmHg. After 1 year, IOP was under control (IOP ≤ 22 mmHg) in 6 eyes (75%) (2 patients needed hypotensive drugs and another required surgery again). Among the chronic cases, pre‐operative IOP was 30.1 ± 2.1, while a year after surgery IOP was under control (IOP ≤ 22 mmHg) in 14 patients (77%) (5 of these needed hypotensive medication and 2 a second operation). The visual acuity (VA) of 66% of the chronic cases was unaltered a year after surgery. The VA of 63% of the acute cases was better a year after surgery. The VA of the 8 patients re‐examined 2 years after surgery had deteriorated in spite of their IOP bein

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04049.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Cells from samples of human choroidal tissue were collected and seeded onto isolated Bruch's membrane in vitro, and the morphology of the developing cultures was examined by light‐, scanning electron‐ and transmission electron‐microscopy. In early cultures, the cells showed a flattened, spread out appearance with short surface villi and a low degree of cellular overlapping. After 48 h, a shift towards a more elongated cell form was observed, and one week old cultures were composed of predominantly elongated cells with a pronounced degree of overlapping. In contrast, human retinal pigment epithelial cells seeded onto sheets of Bruch's membrane maintained a spread out epithelial morphology with a varying degree of overlapping throughout the culture period. The present system permits comparative studies on the behavior of choroidal and pigment epithelial cells under controlled conditions. It may serve as an in vitro model for disorders characterized by growth of these cells on Bruch's membrane in

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04050.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.4 × 4 mm pieces of human eye walls consisting of the sclera, the choroid and the pigment epithelium were kept in organ culture for 1 month and studied with light and transmission electron microscopy comparing the findings with normal tissue. After 1 month the choriocapillaris still had open vessel lumina lined with flattened endothelial cells containing organelles and vesicles on both inner and outer cell membranes. The endothelial cells lost their fenestrations and polarity in regard to the location of cell nuclei. Otherwise the ultrastructure was similar to that of the choriocapillaris in vitro. This study has shown that choriocapillaris can survive in organ culture for 1 month, and it permits further studies on the behaviour of the choroid under controlled conditions, and on the long‐term effects of different types of trauma to the choroid in vit

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04051.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Surgical results and complications were studied retrospectively in 590 cases of retinal detachment in a population‐based material of 538 patients. Of the 590 cases 96.3% were operated upon, and 22.9% of these underwent one or more re‐operations. The technique used was cryo‐ or photocoagulation (100%) + scleral buckling or an encircling band (96%) + drainage of sub‐retinal fluid (80%). The surgical complications were intraocular bleeding (13%), choroidal detachment (7%), and proliferative vitreo‐retinopathy (5%). All complications were significantly more frequent after re‐operations. Complete re‐attachment was achieved in 78.1%. The re‐attachment rate was significantly lower in aphakic cases (66.7%) than in phakic non‐traumatic cases (80.8%). The visual acuity in re‐attached cases was better than 0.5 in 33.7% and bette

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04052.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The association between the outcome of 531 surgically treated retinal detachments (RD) and preoperative findings was studied by logistic univariate and multivariate analysis. The following factors were significantly, and negatively associated with the surgical results: 1) previous RD in the same eye, 2) pre‐operative visual acuity less than 2/60, 3) cloudy ocular media and/or a poorly dilated pupil, 4) an RD area of more than three quadrants, and 5) no retinal breaks detected. In the multivariate analysis no significant association was found for 9 factors: open angle glaucoma, interval of more than 2 months between symptoms and surgery, aphakia, pre‐operative hypotony, absence of demarcation lines, posterior retinal breaks, pre‐operative proliferative vitreo‐retinopathy, sex and age. The significant factors combined with aphakia were studied in all conceivable combinations. The estimated probability of failure varied between 4 and 93%, indicating that the most important factors were o

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04053.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Expanded patches of polytetrafluoroetylen, teflon (Impra) together with a tissue adhesive (cyanoacrylate) have been used to reinforce the scleral wall. The material has been used in 3 different trials on animals in periods up to 8 months. The histological analysis showed that the material was well accepted. The study indicates that scleral reinforcement with teflon and cyanoacrylate is a safe procedure.

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04054.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Proteolytic activity was studied in subretinal fluid from 56 eyes with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment without vitreous or subretinal hemorrhage. Active plasmin (1.0–15.2 μg/ml) was found in 33 eyes and plasmin‐inhibitor complexes in 3 eyes. Plasmin was detected more often in large detachments, but there was no clear correlation with the duration of the detachment or characteristics of the holes in the retina. It seems possible that plasmin in subretinal fluid may enhance release of cells from the pigment epithelium by degrading the extracellular matrix and contribute to the development of proliferative vitreoretinop

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04055.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.This is the first population‐based PE prevalence study allowing comparison of observations from different geographical areas. The prevalence of the PE syndrome for persons above 64 years of age was found to be 10.2, 21.0 and 19.6% in three municipalities lying distinctly apart. Of 343 married couples the man was PE‐positive in 36, the woman in 34, and both in 12 cases. One of the 12 couples was excluded because the spouses were cousins. The observed number of 11 couples is significantly higher (P= 0.022) than expected assuming independent occurrence of PE syndrome. Two homozygote pairs of twins were found in this material, both of them discordant for the presence of PE syndrome. This fact along with the discrepancy between observed and expected numbers of PE positivity in both spouses may indicate environmental influence on the distribution of the syndr

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04056.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.During 1977 and 1978 visual screening was performed in 1511 persons born 1907–1921 and taking part in a population survey. 8.4 years later the visual field screening was repeated in 2039 eyes of 1038 persons. The rates of unsuccessful tests improved or remained unchanged. The incidence of non‐glaucomatous visual field defects was 0.006/year. Thus repeated visual field screening of persons in their seventies was both feasible and fruit

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04057.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY