摘要:

The extreme permeability of the choriocapillaris to sodium fluorescein makes angiography with this tracer unsuitable to show the choroidal vascular bed. In order to prevent this profuse leakage, the choroidal circulation is visualized with fundus angiography after injection of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labelled dextrans of different molecular weight: 20 000, 40 000, 70 000, and 150 000. It is shown that the two first dextrans leak out of the choriocapillaris rather rapidly, whereas the last two dextrans remain intravascularly long enough to enable good demonstration of choroidal vessels. The practical application of these findings is discussed, and it is concluded that the dextran with molecular weight 70 000 should be preferred for use in humans.

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1979.tb00499.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A material consisting of 24 consecutive patients has been studied retrospectively, after a successful retinal detachment operation. Macular oedema was demonstrated by fluorescein angiography in nine patients (35%), and was found to be the most frequent cause of poor recovery of visual function. Fluorescein angiography is essential for the diagnosis of macular oedema, which may be difficult to demonstrate by other methods. The present investigation indicated that subretinal drainage may be a factor in the development of a post‐detachment syndrome with macular oedem

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1979.tb00500.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Pars plana vitrectomy was performed on 40 diabetic eyes with opacified vitreous due to preretinal haemorrhages and fibrovascular proliferations. Cataractous lenses were present in all cases and were removed by intracapsular extractions 4–8 weeks prior to vitrectomy. Preoperative visual acuity ranged from light projection to 1/60.Postoperatively, vision improved in 26 (65%) eyes, remained unchanged in 5 (12.5%), and deteriorated in 9 (22.5%) during a follow‐up time of 5–18 months (mean 8 months). In 19 (48%) eyes a visual acuity ranging from 0.1‐0.9 was achieved. In 31 eyes that improved or remained unchanged, iris neovascularization developed in 2 (6%) and longstanding increase of intraocular pressure in 9 (29%). Visual failures were mainly due to incomplete removal of preretinal proliferations and retinal detachment, and neovascular glaucoma developed in 5 of the 9 eyes.In 30 (75%) eyes the anatomical status at the vitreo‐retinal junction improved considerably when the preretinal tissue causing retinal traction was excised, and the proliferative disease reverted into a background re

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1979.tb00501.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A double‐blind study has been made comparing etidocaine 1% (Duranest®) and lidocaine 2% (Xylocain®). The investigation comprised 92 patients with senile cataract, operated under retrobulbar anesthesia and facial nerve block.During the normal interval between the injection and the operation, lidocaine seemed to be more effective than etidocaine, both as an analgetic and kinetic agent, while etidocaine had a longer analgetic effect. The relative high adrenaline (epinephrine) content in lidocaine 2% is discus

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1979.tb00502.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A radiological study of the lacrimal drainage apparatus was made in 50 patients with temporary or permanent epiphora. The authors state that the present radiologic technique (macrography, seriography, subtraction) allows the detection on the various lacrimal levels of not only organic lesions but also of functional disorders. They assert the definite superiority of dacryocystography over the other clinical and radiological investigations (scintigraphy, roentgencinematography) in identifying the site and the nature of the various organic lesions, in evaluating and interpreting the functional alterations as well as following and judging the effectiveness of treatments.

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1979.tb00503.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Tear flow was measured in normal human eyes by means of a radioisotope (technetium as pertechnetate in a normal saline solution), a gamma camera and a computer. By “region of interest” technique the elimination was shown to have two phases: an initial rapid elimination followed by a slower elimination after 5–7 min. The mean fractional turnover rate in the initial phase was 0.197 min.‐1(n=35,sem=0.013) and in the basal phase 0.083 min.‐1(n=35,sem=0.003). Assuming a constant tear volume these values corresponded to a tear flow of 1.4 μl min.‐1and 0.6 μl min.‐1, respectively. There was no significant difference between the fractional turnover rate in the upright and supine position. No difference was found in tear flow between males and females. With the eyes closed the fractional turnover rate was low with intermittently rapid outflow of tears. Irritation to the contralateral eye with a filterpaper caused a stimulated tear flow of 4.4 μl min.‐1. A nomogram facilitating background correctio

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1979.tb00504.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The capability of conjunctival epithelial cells to phagocytize particulate foreign matter was studied experimentally in the guinea pig. Perilimbal conjunctival epithelium was prepared for transmission electron microscopy by perfusion fixation 4 and 24 h after instillation of latex microspheres (0.79 μ in diameter) into the lower conjunctival fornix. A varying number of microspheres were internalized by the superficial epithelial cells in both cases. The intracellular microspheres, single (at 4 and 24 h) or aggregated (only at 24 h), were always membrane‐enclosed, corresponding to primary phagosomes. Some indications of secondary phagosomes were seen as well. In the 24 h specimens, microspheres were present also in the intermediate epithelial cells, implying a transfer from superficial to deeper cells. Thus, superficial as well as intermediate epithelial cells of the guinea pig conjunctiva are capable of active phagocytosis of inert particl

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1979.tb00505.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Kittens were raised with amblyopia by monocular lid suture or esotropia by transection of extraocular muscles in one eye at the age of 2–3 weeks. Isometric contractions in the inferior oblique muscle were recorded at 20 weeks or at adult age, and the results were compared with those of similarly aged cats with normal visual development. The speed of contraction and the fatigue resistance was reduced in the lid sutured animals. In the esotropic cats studied, fatigue resistance was also reduced but the speed of contraction did not change much.It is suggested that the postnatal eye muscle development can be modified by manipulation of the visual input at an early age. Presumably the impaired binocular vision in the lid sutured and esotropic cats reduced the demand for fusion vergences, and this might be reflected in the changes of eye muscle properties. In monocularly lid sutured cats, eye muscle changes were the same on both sides, suggesting that amblyopiaper sedid not affect eye muscle developmen

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1979.tb00506.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twenty two strabismus and 106 straight eyed patients with anatomically normal eyes were first photographed with a conventional camera equiped with a weak 100 mm teleobjective and coaxial flashlight and then examined clinically. The possibility of detecting strabismus, anisometropias and ametropias in the photographs by noting the localisation of the corneal reflexes and examining the appearance and lightness of the fundus reflexes and their possible asymmetry were tested in a double blind study. Even small angled strabismus cases could be found because of the asymmetrical localisation of the corneal reflexes. In 18 of the 22 strabismus cases (82%) there was asymmetrical lightness of the fundus reflexes and the fundus reflex of the deviating eye was lighter than that of the fixating eye. All the straight eyed anisometropias of 3.0 diopters or more (five cases) were observed in the photographs because of the asymmetrical appearance of the fundus reflexes. In straight eyed anisometropias of under 3.0 diopters, the fundus reflexes were symmetrical in 90 cases and asymmetrical in 11 cases (11%).Only three out of eight hyperopias of from + 4.5 to + 6.0 diopters were found because of the light crescent in the low part of the pupil. All myopias of over ‐4.0 diopters (14 cases) were observed because of the light crescent appearance in the upper part of the pupil. No pupillary crescents appeared with refractions of less than ‐1.75 diopters myopia or less than + 4.5 diopters hyperopia; 172 eyes came within this range.Even a technician can perform, without premedication, the method tested here for rapid and simple screening to detect strabismus and straight eyed anisometropias of 3.0 diopters or more in small children or other patients who do not co‐operate well in normal clinical examination. Over ‐4.0 diopters myopias can also be found.The method was rather unrealiable for finding hyperopias, presumably because no cycloplegic drops we

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1979.tb00507.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

With a method combining static colour perimetry and the two‐colour threshold technique of Stiles, characteristic sensitivities of the cone mechanisms have been studied in amblyopic and non‐amblyopic eyes.For the red and green cone mechanisms, a central depression of sensitivity was found in the amblyopic eye; the depression was more pronounced the higher the degree of amblyopia. For the blue cone mechanism no significant difference was found between the amblyopic and non‐amblyopic eye, except at the fixation point where the mean threshold sensitivity was significantly higher in theamblyopiceye than in the leading eye.By registration of blue receptor curves, a distinct age factor was observed. In the younger patients (aged 10–16) the sensitivity level at peripheral positions for both the amblyopic and the non‐amblyopic eye was significantly higher than in the older patients (aged 39–50). This difference is evidently due to the higher absorption of blue light in the ocular media in older patients.In our cases with eccentric fixation, the true fovea represents the relatively best sensitivity of the red as well as of the green con

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1979.tb00508.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1979

数据来源: WILEY