摘要:

AbstractThe main objective of the study was to assess effects of long‐term lowering of glucosylated hemoglobin (HbA1%) on neurosensory function in insulin‐dependent diabetes. Individual (OP‐1, OP‐2, OP‐3) and summed (OP‐sum) amplitudes of oscillatory potentials (OPs) of electroretinography were recorded at study start and 7‐years later in 45 patients (the Oslo study). As an overall 7‐year change, amplitudes of OP‐2, OP‐3 and OP‐sum were reduced (p<0.0001‐0.01), retinopathy worsened (p = 0.005), intraocular pressure decreased (p<0.001), systolic blood pressure increased (p<0.0002), and glycemic control improved from HbA1 of 11.2 ± 2.2% at study start to a 7‐year cumulative mean of 9.5 ± 1.5% (p<0.0001). Multiple regression analysis did not identify any independent relations between change in OP‐1, OP‐2, OP‐3, OP‐sum and change in glycemic control or background variables, including change in age and duration of diabetes. However, cross‐sectional observations at 7 years showed negative correlations between all OPs and age (p<0.0001‐0.003), and between OP‐3 and duration (p = 0.003) and counts of microaneurysms (p = 0.02). The data suggest that various clinical background variables may influence individual and summed amplitudes of OPs differently. Reduced neurosensory retinal function (OPs) seemed to appear after 7‐years, independently of vascular defects of retinopathy a

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1992.tb04873.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA recently described familiar syndrome consists of the following components: A bleeding tendency with thrombocytopathia, miosis, muscular weakness and spasms, ichthyosis, asplenia, dyslexia, and headache. Four definite and 2 probable patients have been identified in 4 generations. In the present study, the pupillary behaviour was scrutinized in two ‘definite’ cases with the infrared, binocular pupillometer. The forehead sweating pattern was also investigated with an Evaporimeter. The basal pupillary widths were: 1.25–1.75 mm. Only minor responses were noted upon topical stimulation with an indirectly acting pupillodilating agent (OH‐amphetamine). A directly acting sympathicomimetic drug (phenylephrine) exerted a more marked influence on the pupil, indicating a relative supersensitivity. The evaporimetric pattern in the forehead seemed to be within reference limits, at variance with what is the case in Horner's syndrome. Further findings were: the orbit seemed to be smaller than normal; a bilateral VI. cranial nerve palsy was identified, and a marked upward gaze palsy coexisted with pupils with Argyll Robertson's traits. There is no readily acceptable explanation for the ocular abnormalities. The disorder underlying the pupillary abnormality may possibly be located in the upper mesenc

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1992.tb04874.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAll patients presenting with neurological problems to an eye hospital casualty department over one year were prospectively studied. A total of 119 patients were identified. The most frequent diagnoses were retrobulbar neuritis (34; 28.5%), sixth cranial nerve palsy (22; 18.5%), third cranial nerve palsy (15; 12.6%) and Adie's tonic pupil (11; 9%). Cranial nerve palsies were most commonly due to diabetes or hypertension (16; 43.2%). Only one intracranial aneurysm was found. Symptoms included blurred vision (52; 43.7%), binocular diplopia (51; 42.8%), and eye pain (27; 22.7%). Fifty patients (42.0%) were referred by a general medical practitioner. Twenty‐two (18.5%) were admitted to hospital. Forty‐nine skull X‐rays were requested and all were normal. Twenty‐nine chest X‐rays were requested. One (3.4%) showed an abnormality (carcinoma of the bronchus). Neurological patients present to ophthalmic casualty departments because of ophthalmic symptoms. Ophthalmic casualty officers are able to make working diagnoses and to direct patients appropriately. The use of investigations in the casualty department, however, is unlikely to be p

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1992.tb04875.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract484 cases of optic atrophy were studied for the distribution pattern and significance of various etiological factors in different age groups of both sexes. Bilateral optic atrophy was found to be two and a half times as common as unilateral optic atrophy. Intracranial neoplasm (29.5%) was the most frequent known cause of bilateral optic atrophy in either sex and the most common tumor was chromophobe adenoma (48% of intracranial tumors) with highest incidence over 20 years of age. Craniopharyngioma was the most frequent tumor responsible for bilateral optic atrophy before 20 years of age. Intracranial glioma also emerged as an important cause of bilateral optic atrophy. Head injury due to road accidents and periocular trauma were the most common causes of unilateral optic atrophy in males, whereas no definite factor could be elucidated in unilateral optic atrophy in females. Vascular factors were the usual cause of optic atrophy after 40 years of age, highlighting the significance of thorough systemic evaluation.

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1992.tb04876.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEpikeratophakia for keratoconus was done in 11 mentally retarded patients, using fresh, free‐hand made lamellar grafts. The mean follow‐up period was 31.5 months. The grafts remained clear and well adapted in 7 cases (63.6%). Necrosis of the lower part of the graft occurred in 3 eyes (27.3%), and was probably caused by persisting epithelial defects. Only one of these grafts had to be removed. Despite concurrent eye diseases, such as cataract and possible amblyopia, an improved overall visual function was reported in 5 of the 11 patients (45.5%). No vision‐threatening complications related to the epikeratophakia surgery was

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1992.tb04877.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe series of radial keratotomy (RK) in 79 myope eyes in 60 patients was studied to evaluate improvement of uncorrected visual acuity. The main aim with radial keratotomy was to help patients see better without glasses or contact lenses. Myopia ranged from ‐1.0D to ‐9.0D. Forty‐two eyes (53%) achieved uncorrected visual acuity (VA) of 1.0 or better and 73 eyes (92%) better than 0.5. The follow‐up period ranged from 3 months to 3.5 years. Postoperatively the most common complication was undercorrection. The risk for progressive myopia made surgeons cautious not to overcorrect patients and to leave them slightly

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1992.tb04878.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract0.5% proparacaine HCl is commonly used for topical anaesthesia in ultrasound pachometry prior to refractive surgery. This drug is known to alter corneal epithelial adhesion. Does 0.5% proparacaine result in an alteration in corneal thickness due to changes in the corneal epithelium? Corneal thickness was measured by optical pachometry at 30 sec intervals for 15 min under 3 experimental conditions; 1) 2 drops of artificial tears, 2) 1 drop of 0.5% proparacaine, 3) 2 drops of 0.5% proparacaine. Baseline measurements were recorded before each trial. No significant differences were found between the mean corneal thicknesses measured in the baseline, 2 drops of artificial tears and 1 drop of 0.5% proparacaine conditions. The mean corneal thickness in the 2 drops of 0.5% proparacaine condition was significantly greater than those measured in the other conditions. In particular the measured corneal thickness was significantly different from the baseline measurements 1 to 2 min after instillation of the 2 drops of 0.5% proparacaine. Exponential modelling of the corneal edema recovery function demonstrated that recovery to baseline corneal thickness occurred 7 to 8 min following the instillation of 2 drops of 0.5% proparacaine. The data of this study suggest that only 1 drop of 0.5% proparacaine should be used for topical anaesthesia prior to ultrasound pachometry. This recommendation may minimize the possibility of measuring artifactually large corneal thickness estimates, and thus reduce the possibility of corneal microperforation during refractive surgery.

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1992.tb04879.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe dacryocystitis in adults is mainly caused by postsaccal stenosis of the lacrimal ducts. The banking up of the lacrimal fluid leads to an accumulation of germs and following infection. This report describes the clinical and microbiological findings in a large consecutive series of patients that presented at the outpatient clinic of the 2nd Department of Ophthalmology of the University of Vienna with the signs of acute, chronic recurrent or chronic infections of the lacrimal system between 1983 and the end of 1990. Within the bacterial genus Staphylococci (S. aureus, S. epidermidis and S. saprophyticus) were the most frequently isolated organisms (74 cultures = 50% out of samples with positive cultures). It was quite interesting that a significant number of gramnegative rods (37 = 25.5%) could be isolated. Of these microorganisms Escherichia coli was most frequently growing on special media (17 cases = 11.7%) when cultures were obtained from acute inflamed lacrimal sacs of patients who suffered from chronic recurrent infections. Conservative therapy of purulent dacryocystitis constitutes the last possible preparation for a necessary surgical intervention and therefore the authors want to point out the importance of microbiological examinations so as to optimize antibiotic therapy.

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1992.tb04880.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHen's egg lysozyme (HEL) activity was measured in vitro with gentamicin and norfloxacin by a turbidimetric technique. Gentamicin at the concentration of 10‐3M inhibited HEL activity by 39%, while 10‐3M norfloxacin did not affect HEL activity. However, an in vivo study in healthy persons did not show any significant statistical difference in tear lysozyme activity when 0.3% gentamicin or 0.3% norfloxacin were topically appl

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1992.tb04881.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFour different methods for transferring conjunctival fluid to stix test pads were studied. Onehundred and twenty eyes from 120 cataract‐extracted patients (35 in the operated eye 0–5 days post‐operatively and 85 in the contralateral eye) were included in the study. Transfer of fluid by a glass rod from the lateral part of the inferior fornix was demonstrated to be the most suitable method, showing the highest sensitivity to leucocyte‐esterase (83%, N = 120, p<0.05) and with a specificity equal to that of the other methods tested (cotton, spongostan, Schirmer paper strip). The glass rod method is suitable for detecting blood, nitrite, albumin, pH, and glucose, and is a both quick and unintrusive procedure. All four transferring methods may, however, cause an increased desquamation of epithelial cells and an increased amount o

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1992.tb04882.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY