ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb03999.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe elastic properties of a given tissue may be characterized by Youngs Modulus (Y) which relates the stress (force per unit cross sectional area) and the resultant strain (the relative linear deformation). Cornea and sclera react to stress by a biphasic viscoelastic response consisting of a quick immediate deformation followed by a further slow deformation. Thus, it is necessary to distinguish between Y determined from the immediate elastic response (Yi) and Y determined in steady state (Ys). In a normal (n = 29) and a keratoconic group (n = 27) the ocular rigidity (E) was determined as estimate of Yiof the ocular tunics. Further based on measurements of intraocular pressure, corneal diameter, corneal shape and thickness profile that value of Yswhich represents elastic minimum energy content in the actual corneal membrane was estimated in the two groups. E as well as Yswere found to be significantly lower in keratoconic eyes compared with normals and uncorrelated to each other in the two groups.

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04000.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExperimental and epidemiological data indicate a correlation between exposure to UV radiation and cataract morbidity. UV radiation induced cataract is thought to be evoked by photochemical mechanisms. The present investigation resolves the macroscopical events in the rat lens after a one dose exposure to spectrally and radiometrically well defined UV radiation, as revealed in light‐ and dark‐field illumination. The macroscopic sequence of events is related to the morphology as revealed by light‐ and electron microscopy. The radiation was found to alter the chromatin pattern and to induce morphological changes indicating a disturbance of the cellular water balance. The latter is assumed to cause the acute UV radiation induced opacification of the lens. It is suggested that future investigations of the toxic effects of UV radiation in the lens should focus on how UV radiation affects the chromatin and the cellular water ba

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04001.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Previous observations of raised calcium content in mature senile cataract are confirmed in the present study. Also human hypocalcemic cataract showed increased amounts of calcium in accordance with previous observations in animals. On the other hand, the magnesium content of the lens was not influenced by cataract development. The calcium aqueous/serum ratio was similar in all examined groups (normal, hypocalcernic‐, incipient‐, and mature senile cataract). whereas the corresponding magnesium ratio was elevated in the cataract patients. This observation may indirate a possible connection between magnesium metabolism and the development of ratar

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04002.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The fellow eye ot 100 consecutively admitted cases of retinal detachment was studied with three‐mirror examination for the presence of lattice degeneration and retinal breaks. Lattice degeneration was found in 18% and retinal breaks in 20% of fellow eye

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04003.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Ninety‐seven laser treated eyes from 55 highly selected childhood onset diabetics (diabetes before the age of 15, proliferative retinopathy before the age of 31, and a follow‐up time of at least 5 years) were examined retrospectively. The eyes were divided into two groups, with or without high‐risk characteristics according to DRS classification. They were all treated with a blue‐green argon laser in the years 1974 to 1981. Of 34 eyes with high‐risk characteristics, 12 (35%) were blind (less than FC 1 M) after 5 years. Of 63 eyes without high‐risk characteristics, 8 (13%) were blind af

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04004.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.A simple photographic method for detection and measurement of refractive errors in children, using a specially designed camera and electronic flash unit and ‘instant’ (Polaroid) film, was tested on 64 children, aged 3 to 8 years, and compared with the results from retinoscopy. The refractive errors ranged from ‐6.5 to +6.5 D. A light reflex in the pupil was observed on the photos of all children with hyperopia>= 0.5 and myopia>= 2.0 D. A curvilinear relationship was observed (in the range ‐2 to ‐4 and +0.5 to +3 D) between the width of the light reflex in the pupil, easily measured on the photos and the degree of refractive error, determined by retinoscopy. The degree of ametropia could be estimated with reasonable accuracy (± 0.5 D) in the interval from ‐ 2 to ‐4 D and +0.5 to +3 D. The method can demonstrate the type and, to a limited extent, also the degree of refraction anomaly and may be of value in screening for refractive errors in children. photographic

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04005.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.In a controlled randomized study 15 patients (20 eyes) with chronic open angle glaucoma and visual field defects were followed for>1 year, 12 of them were followed for 3 years. Half of the group were untreated controls, the other half treated with pressure reducing medical therapy. At least 5 consecutive computerized visual fields were recorded (COMPETER) on each eye, and the linear regression coefficient was calculated. With the reservation for uncontrolled compliance no significant difference in the line of favourable effect of pressure reduction could be spotted, in spite of an average pressure reduction in the treated group of 4 mmHg. More important than this result, which is open to criticism for the smallness of the material, uncontrolled compliance etc, is the lesson that a randomized experiment with treated and non‐treated glaucoma cases carried out in accordance with the Helsingfors convention is hardly feasibl

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04006.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The composition of the clientele from an ophthalmological practioner's office is described with special reference to the occurrence of glaucoma and disc haemorrhages (h in singular; hh in plural). This study could not be planned as an epidemiological survey and gives no clue to sensitivity or specificity of hh in glaucoma. During a period of about 10 years ending with 1986 there were 731 patients with h and/or glaucoma. When detected, 185 patients had h but no glaucoma, 33 had both h and glaucoma and 513 had glaucoma but no h. During the follow‐up period hh were detected in 83 cases of glaucoma. and glaucoma developed in 27 cases with hh. The detection rate of hh among glaucoma wqs low but steady, indicating that hh may occur at any stage of the glaucoma process. This study shows no predilection for hh in cases with general hypertension or diabetes, nor is the frequency of hh among pseudoexfoliation cases significantly lower than among cases without this stigm

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04007.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.in a randomized, double‐masked study, 41 patients with primary open‐angle *** aucoma or ocular hypertension were treated with betaxolol 0.5% or timolol 0.5% drops for 26 weeks. The average decrease in intraocular pressure (IOP) over the total study period was significant with both betaxolol (‐6.3 mmHg) and timolol (‐7.2 mmHg) in patients receiving no adjunctive therapy. There was no difference between betaxolol and timolol with respect to changes from baseline IOP. Significantly decreased mean brachial arterial pressure (MAP) was seen only with timolol, although the difference between the two groups was not significant. Pulse, pupil size, and basal tear secretion were unchanged in both groups. Burning upon instillation of the drops was more frequent with he

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04008.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY