摘要:

AbstractAn analysis of 927 eye injuries treated at the University Hospital of Umeå, Northern Sweden, during a one‐year period has been made. The estimated incidence was 8.1 per 1000 population. 86% of the injuried were men. An overrepresentation of severe injuries were found in children and young adults, aged 10–19 years. 94.5% of the injuries were minor. The most common diagnosis was foreign body adherent to cornea or conjunctiva (40%). All chemical injuries were superficial. One‐third of the sports injuries were caused by hockey‐bockey and indoor bandy. Most of these were major injuries. The total cost of the injuries was assessed at SEK 1300 000. More information to the public concerning use of safety glasses and potential risks of eye trauma could reduce eye injury i

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1991.tb01982.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe postnatal development of the oscillatory potentials (OPs) of the rat's electroretinogram (ERG) was studied during more extreme photopic conditions. The appearance of the OPs was further delayed, by 1 to 3 days, compared to previously studied less photopic conditions. A rapid phase of development of the total OP activity occurred at the age of 15 days, which coincided with the physiological opening of the eye‐lids. During maturation the first two OPs were enhanced while the later OPs were attenuated. The total OP activity culminated at the age of 30 days. These results strongly indicate that the rapid neuronal adaptive system appears and develops later than the slow photochemical one. Secondly, the fast phase of maturation of the neuronal adaptive process, as reflected in the OPs, seems to be dependent on environmental light. Thirdly, the findings support previous indications that two different systems seem to be responsible for the OPs in the rat and thus the earlier OPs to have different origins from those of the later one

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1991.tb01983.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn 13 patients with diabetic retinopathy who had localised scotomata in the central visual field that could not be ascribed to haemorrhages, cotton woll spots or hard exudates, visual field data obtained by computerised perimetry were correlated with the corresponding retinal morphology as seen on fundus photographs and fluorescein angiograms. It was attempted to relate the retinal areas corresponding to the scotomata to areas of distribution from the central retinal artery. In six cases localised scotomata could be correlated with focal areas of angiographical non‐perfusion in the macular area. When these areas of non‐perfusion were traversed by a patient vessel, the retinal zone adjacent to this vessel was found to have retained light sensitivity. Two localised scotomata could be correlated with retinal areas peripheral from occluded arterioles, but no scotoma was found which could be related th retinal venous occlusion. In five cases scotomata occurred, however, which could not be related to areas of distribution from the central retinal artery. It is concluded that factors other than retinal vascular occlusion probably are involved in causing impairment of neurosensory function in diabetic maculopa

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1991.tb01984.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEarly ultrastructural findings of a progressive photoreceptor dystrophy and corresponding ERG findings are reported in 3 Labrador Retrievers from a litter of 7 pups bred from 2 dogs clinically and electroretinographically affected with generalized progressive retinal dystrophy. The pups were euthanized at 5, 11 and 15 months post partum. The most prominent ultrastructural finding was photoreceptor dystrophy. At 5 months the outer nuclear layer (ONL) consisted of 8–10 layers and seemed reduced in thickness, pyknotic nuclei were seen in this layer. The receptor outer segments (OS) were short and swollen. Some disorientation of OS discs occurred. In the 11‐months specimen 7–8 ONL layers were identified. Overall thinning of the neuro‐retina had occurred and fewer receptors compared to the 5‐months specimen were present. By 15 months the ONL was further reduced to about 4 layers. Enlarged internuclear spaces were present in the ONL as well as around inner segments (IS). Phagocytic cells were frequent among remains of OS. The pigment epithelium appeared normal. The dark adapted ERG b‐wave amplitudes and photopic 30 Hz flicker responses were low in comparison to controls of the same breed, and decreased with age. The condition represents a progressive rod‐cone dystrophy which shares similarities with primary receptor dystrophy in man such as retinit

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1991.tb01985.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn epidemiological study of the prevalence of refractive errors was made of the Eskimo population of the Norton Sound and Bering Straits region of Alaska. It was possible to determine the subjective refraction in 83.7% of 1673 persons examined: 44.9% were emmetropic, 44.7% myopic and 10.4% hyperopic. Myopia was found more often in women (48.3%) than in men (41.3%), while emmetropia was found more often in men (49.3%) than in women (40.3%). Nine,four percent of the men were hyperopic and 11.4% of the women. The prevalence of myopia increased with age, with a maximum of 67.2% in the agegroup between 30 and 40 years. Subsequently, the number of myopes decreased rapidly. Little hyperopia was seen before the age of 50 years, it then increased rapidly, up to 71.5% for persons above the age of 80 years. Emmetropia, on the other hand, decreased with age. Ultrasound examination showed that an increasing axial length was associated with more myopia.

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1991.tb01986.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAcute uveal inflammation, characterised by conjunctival hyperaemia, limbal vascular injection, iritis and aqueous flare, was induced in the rabbit eye by a single intravitreal injection of 10 μg of Shigella endotoxin. Twenty‐four, 48 and 72 h after endotoxin administration, lysosomal‐rich fractions and cytosolic supernatants were prepared from iris‐ciliary bodies and the enzymatic activities of some lysosomal hydrolases in these fractions were assayed. Acid phosphatase, aryl sulphatase and N‐acetyl‐B‐D‐glucosaminidase exhibited increased activities in the lysosomal preparations from inflamed iris‐ciliary bodies, relative to the activities of the same enzymes in lysosomal fractions from normal iris‐ciliary bodies. No significant differences in activities were obtained for these enzymes in cytosolic supernatants from normal and inflamed iris‐ciliary bodies. The results suggest that during acute ocular inflammation the lysosomal hydrolases are retained in their organelles at an elevat

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1991.tb01987.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe value of pleoptic treatment was assessed by a long‐term follow‐up of patients treated 15–22 years ago, employing a questionnaire sent to 232 patients and a clinical examination of a sample of 44 of these. Answers were received from 157 persons with different occupations and educational levels who were fairly representative of the population of Northern Finland as a whole. The treatment was considered beneficial by 62% of these. The primary improvement in the mean visual acuity (VA) from 0.33 to 0.86 among the 44 persons examined proved to be partly transitory, the final mean value being 0.61. The poorest results were found in the combined stabismic and anisometropic amblyopia group. The final VA correlated positively with the initial VA and negatively with age at the time of treatment. Binocular single vision improved the prognosis. Altogether 1/4 of the patients achieved a VA of 1.0 or better, about one half experienced no permanent increase in VA and the remainder were distributed evenly between these two ext

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1991.tb01988.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFifty mcg of gentamicin was combined with saline or with 0.8% sodium hyaluronate and injected into the vitreous cavity of rabbit eyes with moderate to severe Staphylococcus aureus endophthalmitis. Endophthalmitis was controlled in 9 of 10 eyes. There was no evidence of toxicity with either treatment regimen. Although the clearance study demonstrated statistical differences at all time points studied, the half‐lives of both treatment regimens were similar (3.3 h for aqueous gentamicin and 3.6 h for sodium hyaluronate/gentamicin). These results suggest that the vitreous played a role in keeping the aqueous gentamicin in the eye for a longer time, as similar half‐lives were shown with both types of treatment. Thus, if a vitrectomy has to be done for the treatment of endophthalmitis, as much as possible of the vitreous should be left in situ to maintain the drug for longer periods in the eye. Also, if it is necessary to remove all vitreous during vitrectomy, it may be more effective to administer the drug with sodium hyaluronate so as to prolong its action inside the

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1991.tb01989.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe compared the in vitro growth of common intraocular pathogens Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in rabbit vitreous and in sodium hyaluronate (SH) with and without gentamicin. The minimal inhibitory concentration for gentamicin/SH was 0.5, 0.062 and 2.0 mcg/ml for these pathogens, respectively. After posterior capsulotomy, P. aeruginosa was inoculated into the anterior vitreous and all 15 untreated eyes developed endophthalmitis. In a similar group, aqueous gentamicin administered in the anterior chamber reduced the incidence of endophthalmitis to 10 of 15 eyes. Under similar circumstances, the SH/gentamicin combination lowered the incidence of endophthalmitis significantly to 4 of 15 eyes. The half‐life of aqueous gentamicin was 0.9 h, which was shorter than the 2.2 h for SH/gentamicin combination. These results suggest that SH may be a useful carrier for intraocular drug therap

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1991.tb01990.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLens, aqueous humour and serum LDH and its isoenzyme pattern were estimated in 50 patients with senile cataract; 10 each with immature senile cortical cataract, mature senile cortical cataract, hypermature senile cortical cataract, immature senile nuclear cataract and mature senile nuclear cataract. The gradual decrease in total LDH and activity in the lens with advancement of cataract was maximum in hypermature senile cortical cataract. Aqueous LDH and its isoenzyme pattern remained unaltered with the maturity of cataract, and serum LDH and its isoenzyme pattern were found to be within normal limits. The lens LDH activity was found to be not related to the serum and aqueous humour LDH activity, but LDH3isoenzyme showed declining trend, whereas LDH5isoenzyme increased with the maturity of cataract. The present study concluded that significant decrease in lens LDH did not bear any relationship to LDH in serum and aqueous humour in cases of senile cataract.

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1991.tb01991.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY