摘要:

AbstractContrast thresholds for static and dynamic (phase‐shifted at 2 rps) sinusoidal gratings were established for seven spatial frequencies 0.5–32 c/deg. An HP‐85 desktop computer ran an automated stimulus descending algorithm. Subjects reported stimulus presence by pressing a switch. Two stimulus presentation designs were used. In method 1, the screen was blanked to mean luminance between presentations, while in method 2 the pattern remained unchanged until the next contrast level was presented. Mean thresholds were calculated from three successive threshold passages using 2 dB steps. Fifty‐nine volunteers from a military unit, mean age 20 years, participated in the study. Method 1 always gave lower thresholds with less variability. For static gratings, this was statistically significant at 0.5 and 16 c/deg (p<0.01 and 0.05, respectively) and for dynamic gratings at all spatial frequencies except 32 c/deg (p<0.1 for 0.5 and 16 c/deg, p<0.001 for 1–8 c/deg). An accuracy index was calculated from two determinations at 4 c/deg. Method 1 gave higher indices for both static and dynamic patterns, although not statistically significant. However, method 1 was significantly more time consuming. Method 1 was considered the more reliable of the two contrast threshold determinin

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1994.tb07174.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo patients with bilateral chronic retinal pigment epitheliopathy are presented. Both patients had large areas of pigment epithelial decompensation and small pigment epithelial detachments at the posterior pole. In the macula subretinal fluid was scanty, but the first patient developed an extensive bullous retinal detachment with shifting of subretinal fluid with changes in posture in both eyes, the second patient had similar detachment in one eye. The etiology of the pigment epithelial disorder remained unknown. No inflammatory cells were found in the vitreous specimen or subretinal fluid in the first patient. Treatment with peroral corticosteroids alone or in combination with azathioprine and cyclosporin A, as well as surgery for retinal detachment in one eye, proved unsuccessful. Argon laser coagulation of the decompensated areas in the macula resulted in resorption of subretinal fluid and reattachment of the exudative detachment.

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1994.tb07175.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPatients with central areolar choroidal dystrophy are often difficult to diagnose because they are similar in fundus appearance to other retinal disorders. Nineteen patients with the diagnosis were studied in order to estimate the diagnostic and prognostic value of full‐field electroretinography in this disorder. Our results showed that the cone b‐wave amplitude in the ERG is decreased, that there is a progression in this decrease during a follow‐up period of 5 years, and that the cone b‐wave implicit time is prolonged. Central areolar choroidal dystrophy is considered to be primarily a choroidal disease. Our results indicate that it also affects most or all of the retinal cones. Further, our observations suggest that the disease is slowly progressive and that full‐field electroretinography is of value in its early

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1994.tb07176.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe performed a pilot study of 10 patients with the objective to determine the efficacy of interferon alpha‐2a in the treatment of age‐related macular degeneration with freshly diagnosed choroidal neovascular membrane. Interferon was given at a dose of 3 MIU/m2three times a week for 8 weeks. Mean age of the patients was 74 years. In 3 patients we combined laser photocoagulation of extrafoveal part of the choroidal neovascular membrane to interferon therapy. The patients were followed up for 1 year after termination of interferon treatment. In 1 patient a visual improvement of two Snellen lines was noted, while in 7 patients visual acuity remained the same during the treatment (includes 3 patients treated with combined Krypton‐laser photocoagulation). In 2 patients there was a decrease in acuity of one line. Six months later visual acuity had deteriorated in 7 patients and 1 year later all the patients had visual acuity ≤ 20/200. We did not find any regression of choroidal neovascular membrane in fluorescein angiography in any of the patients during the treatment except the laser‐treated area. At the 6‐month follow‐up there was still leakage or choroidal neovascular membrane growth in 6 patients. Combined interferon‐laser therapy did not prove to be more effective in preventing the membrane growth. Side‐effects included weakness, apathy, and fatigue in this elderly population. Our results indicate that treatment with 3 MIU/m2interferon for 8 weeks is not an effective treatment for subfoveal choroidal neov

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1994.tb07177.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe present laser scanning fluorescein angiograms of abnormal foveal capillary patterns in a healthy subject and an insulin‐dependent diabetic patient with mild diabetic retinopathy. In both subjects capillaries were seen to cross the central foveal area where capillaries are usually absent. The flow pattern of the foveal capillaries, which were visualised with the use of a laser scanning ophthalmoscope, was indistinguishable from that of the more peripheral capillaries, indicating that foveal vessels are functionally normal retinal capillaries. The two cases demonstrate that identification of abnormal capillary patterns induced by retinal disease such as diabetic retinopathy is made difficult by the marked interindividual variation in capillary anatomy. In prospective studies, however, the method may be capable of detecting subtle changes in early diabetic retinopathy with a high degree of sensitivit

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1994.tb07178.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn diabetic retinopathy capillary loss and blood‐retina barrier leakage are prominent factors. We present a study with quantitative measurements of both capillary loss and leakage and their relation to cumulative metabolic control. Seventeen insulin‐dependent diabetic patients with no retinopathy or only mild background retinopathy and 10 years' duration of the disease were included in the study. Status of metabolic regulation had been followed for at least 6 years. Seven healthy subjects were included as controls. In diabetic patients the perifoveal intervascular areas were found to increase significantly with the cumulative HbAlcindex (p = 0.02) and in relation to the presence of moderate background retinopathy (p<0.02). The blood‐retina barrier leakage and the area of the foveal avascular zone were not significantly different from healthy subjects and no correlation was found between the HbAlcindex and blood‐retina barrier permeability. We conclude that perifoveal capillary loss occurs early in the course of diabetic retinopathy and that this loss is related to prior glycemic control and to the ophthalmoscopic retinopath

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1994.tb07179.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAvailable studies on visual field disturbances in diabetic retinopathy have shown conflicting results, obtained with different and often non‐comparable techniques. We have studied visual fields at different stages of diabetic retinopathy with modern sensitive computerized technique taking precautions to limit disturbing effects of random field variation and lack of perimetric experience. Sixty‐three diabetic patients, insulin‐dependent and non‐insulin dependent, were each subject to three test sessions using the 30‐2 full threshold program of the Humphrey perimeter. Retinopathy levels ranged from 10 to 65 in the ETDRS Final scale. In eyes without retinopathy or with very mild and mild disease (levels 10–35) mean deviation values exceeding the p<5% level occurred in only 4% of eyes in trained sessions, and the number of test points with significantly reduced sensitivity did not exceed that expected in normal eyes. In moderate and moderately severe diabetic retinopathy (levels 43–47) and in severe non‐proliferative and proliferative retinopathy (levels 53–65) there was clear evidence of field loss, however, with significantly reduced mean deviation values in 44% of the eyes and 6.5% of tested points showing reproducible loss of sensitivity. Thus, there was no evidence of field loss in eyes with mild disease, but clear field defects in eyes with more advanced disease. Significantly reduced sensitivity was often correlated with retinal non‐perfusion and there was seen a tendency towards more correlation in the midperiphery

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1994.tb07180.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of panretinal laser scatter treatment on visual fields, visual acuity and subjective complaints was assessed in 11 patients with severe nonproliferative or early proliferative diabetic retinopathy. Patients were prospectively examined before and after panretinal treatment using automated static threshold perimetry with program 30‐2 on the Humphrey perimeter, and they were interviewed. Visual field sensitivity was often depressed even before treatment with mean MD – 4.3 (–1, ‐11.6) dB, but was significantly lower (p<0.01, ANOVA) 2 weeks after treatment with mean MD – 8.6 dB. Visual fields remained stable 4 months later. Treatment increased the number of eyes with visual fields as defined by abnormal MD values at the p<0.05 level from 8 to 16 among the 17 treated. In spite of considerable impairment of visual fields after treatment, subjective problems were small and the visual field impairment seemed to have little influence on ever

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1994.tb07181.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe corneal sensation of diabetic patients undergoing pan retinal photocoagulation for the treatment of proliferative retinopathy was measured using the Cochet‐Bonnet aesthesiometer. Insulin dependent and non‐insulin dependent diabetics both showed significantly decreased corneal sensitivity, and there was no significant change following pan‐retinal photocoagulation. Insulin dependent diabetics with proliferative retinopathy had been diagnosed for a significantly longer period than non‐insulin dependent diabetics, but had better corneal sensitivity than the latter group. Male patients were more likely to have brown irides, whereas there was a preponderance of blue irides amongst the females. Patients with blue irides also had significantly lower sensitivity than patients with brown irides. The results are di

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1994.tb07182.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIntraocular pressure was measured in 231 systematically sampled 75‐year‐old men and women in Göteborg, Sweden and in 284 75‐year‐old and 201 80‐year‐old residents in Jyväskylä, Finland as part of a comparative study on functional capacity and health, NORA 75 (Nordic Research on Ageing). After excluding the cases reporting glaucoma in their medical history or using drugs for glaucoma treatment there were no significant differences in the distributions of intraocular pressure between the men (mean intraocular pressure in the right eye 15.1 mmHg, left eye 15.0 mmHg) and women (mean intraocular pressure in the right eye 15.5 mmHg, left eye 15.8 mmHg) in Göteborg. In Jyväskylä the 75‐year‐old men had significantly lower intraocular pressure (right eye 13.4 mmHg, left eye 14.2 mmHg) than either the Jyväskylä women (right eye 15.1 mmHg, left eye 15.4 mmHg) or the men and women in Göteborg. Among the 80‐year‐olds in Jyväskylä there were no significant differences between the sexes (means for the right eye 14.0 mmHg and 13.7 mmHg and for the left eye 13.9 mmHg and 13.7 mmHg for the men and the women, respectively). The 80‐year‐old women had lower intraocular pressure than the 75‐year‐old women of either location. Ouclar hypertension (intraocular pressure 22 mmHg or higher) was more common among the Swedish 75‐year‐olds than among either the Finnish 75‐ or 80‐year‐olds. Intraocular pressure was positively correlated with blood pressure among the 75‐year‐old men in Jyväskylä and to some extent among the 75‐year‐ol

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1994.tb07183.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY