摘要:

Material, such as proteins and organelles are supplied continuously from the cell body of the retinal ganglion cell to its axon and nerve terminals under normal conditions. During the last decade a picture of the dynamic transport of proteins and organelles within the retinal ganglion cell has evolved. Due to the dependence of the axon and its terminals on the integrity of these transport systems a complete prolonged transport blockade leads to axon degeneration. The role of axonal transport disturbances in the pathophysiology of axon dysfunction and degeneration in the retina and optic nerve has therefore been studied experimentally in a variety of pathological conditions. This short review discusses recent data and theories concerning the implications of axonal transport studies in ophthalmology. The pattern of axonal transport block at the optic nerve head in experimental intraocular hypertension support the view that mechanical compression at this site is a probable mechanism of optic nerve damage. Transport obstruction within the axons of primarily the slow phase seems to be a major factor in the production of the swollen axon in optic nerve head swelling. Although studies of axonal transport are virtually impossible in man, signs of dysfunction of axonal transport can be observed in the fundus of the human eye by ophthalmoscopy in various diseases.

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1981.tb05750.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The automatic computerized perimeter ‘Competer’ has been used in several clinical studies for detection and follow‐up in glaucomatous cases and also for the control of field defects in neuro‐ophthalmological cases. The procedure is static and the central visual field is tested at 64 fixed test points.By replacing the assistant by a computer the test conditions are kept under strict control. Time factors such as stimulus exposure time and maximal reaction time are fixed. The test result is given as the threshold sensitivity at each test point.The numerical presentation makes the results suitable for statistical analysis. By adding all 64 threshold sensitivity values the information of a test session is condensed into a single number: the performance value (P).The development of the performance value in a series of 5 consecutive perimetry sessions during more than one year (13—17 months) has been studied in a group of 55 eyes with glaucomatous field defects. The interval between 2 test sessions was 3—5 months. In 45 cases there was a tendency towards decay. The negative trend in the whole group was significantly more pronounced than that to be expected in normals where a slight tendency towards decay with increasing age is also found (Fig. 1). The tendency towards decay was similar in 2 subgroups separated with respect to the intraocular pressure (mean levels of<22 and ≥ 22 mmHg, respectively).Similar measures have turned out to be of value in the follow‐up of field defects in neuro‐ophthalmological cases. The difference between the left and right half of the field defines the value (D) which is well suited for detection of s

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1981.tb05751.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To make a definite serological diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis we determined the ratio of toxoplasma IgG antibody levels in the aqueous humour and serum by using a new four‐layer modification of ELISA, and the ratio of total IgG in serum and aqueous by using single redial immunodiffusion plates. We used the product of these ratios as a coefficient (C) to characterize the antibody activity in aqueous as compared with that of serum. The C value was close to 1 (below 3.5) in seropositive normal cataract patients. In patients with recurrent active focal chorioretinitis the C value was elevated indicating intraocular antibody production; in other forms of posterior uveitis the C value was normal. Parallel determination of mumps virus IgG antibody levels in aqueous and serum confirmed without IgG determination the intraocular toxoplasma antibody production. This test is valuable if the aetiology of the fundal lesion is in doub

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1981.tb05752.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using the quantitative pipette method we could follow the cell contents of the conjunctival fluid in 28 patients subjected to 34 corneal graftings, a total of 308 samples, of which 85 were followed for more than 3 months post‐operatively. All (100%) showed initial neutrophilia (more than 100 neutrophils/φ mm2) within the first 48 h. The percentage decreased gradually to 50 about the 13th to 15th day. The intensity of the reaction seemed to be of no prognostic significance. Late neutrophilia only occurred in association with complications (abscess in the corneal graft, panophthalmia, bacterial conjunctivitis, late graft rejection). Late lymphocytosis was only observed in relation to late rejection (4 grafts with 8 rejection periods. Four other grafts subject to rejection showed neutrophilia or normal cytology). Eosinophilia was infrequently seen at an early stage in 35% of all grafts, even in cases which remained uncomplicated. The method is of use in the differential diagnosis of graft complicatio

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1981.tb05753.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Corneal fragility threshold (CDT) was measured in 45 people and compared with their corneal sensitivity (CTT). It was found that the 2 parameters were well correlated (+0.73). It is suggested that corneal damage as evinced by staining is the pre‐requisite to sensation as in almost all subjects no feelings were aroused at a pressure corresponding to CDT. It is also shown that previous suprathreshold stimulation influences CTT measurements. No significant difference in corneal fragility were found between males and females or between blue and brown eyes, although the samples were rather small. In the center of the cornea fragility was much greater than at the peripher

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1981.tb05754.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The fragility of the corneal epithelium of diabetic subjects and of contact lens wearers was compared with the fragility of normals. Diabetics had a damage threshold of 14.9 mg. In hard lens wear the threshold was 20.33 mg, whilst in soft lens wear it was 15.3 mg. These values compare with the control value of 28.3 mg are significantly depressed (P<0.05). There is some evidence to suggest that the abnormal fragility of the epithelium in all groups is due to hypoxia of the epithelium. The sensitivity of the cornea of diabetics is also depressed. Touch thresholds, measured at the periphery, are elevated by about 85% over the comparable control group. This is considerably greater than the threshold elevation for touch reported elsewhere to occur in diabetes, and so the abnormal corneal sensitivity may be partly caused by a local epithelial abnormality.

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1981.tb05755.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Reexamination of 29 eyes with pterygium and 14 contralateral eyes without this affection revealed a significant regression in horisontal width (average: 0.3 mm) and a significant progression in vertical height (average: 0.7 mm) over a period of 2 years. Intensified vital staining with rose bengale over the pterygium was confirmed. No change in the fluorescein staining pattern was discovered, the staining showing values equal to the values found at the first examination, not differing from the corneal staining of eyes not affected by pterygium. Break up time showed normal values. The figures concerning Hudson‐Stahli's suggest some relation between disappearance of this line and regression of the pterygium. Similar figures were not seen concerning Stocker's line. The central corneal thickness did not disclose any change which could be related to the pterygium growth pattern. Visual acuity and degree of astigmatism were found to be unchanged compared to the first examinatio

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1981.tb05756.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Twelve patients with keratoconjunctivitis sicca were treated with soluble inserts of a dehydrated cellulose polymer placed in the inferior conjunctival fornix. Compared with their previous use of liquid tear substitutes burning, photophobia and foreign body sensation were reduced in 7 patients. An increased tear film break up time (BUT) (P<0.002) and a decreased rose bengal staining of cornea and conjunctiva (P<0.002) were recorded. The mean visual acuity did not change. Simultaneous use of 0.9% NaCl eye drops was necessary for comfort. The main disadvantage of the inserts was their tendency to dislocate.The hydroxy propyl cellulose inserts were supplied in an individual foil pack (Merck Sharp&Dohme‐Chibret Laboratories

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1981.tb05757.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Following exposure to solar simulating radiation (UVB) in vitro, autoradiography with tritiated thymidine was performed in human corneae. An UVA‐irradiated and an unirradiated cornea served as controls. Sparsely labelled nuclei, indicating unscheduled thymidine‐dimer repair DNA‐synthe‐sis (dark repair) were observed in all cellular compartments of the cornea. Control specimens did not exhibit dark repair. The ratio of sparsely labelled cells and grains per nucleus were lowest in the corneal epithelium and significantly higher in the stromal cells and the endo

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1981.tb05758.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The mean endothelial cell area was estimated from specular photomicrographs of 6 normal and 8 low cell density corneas employing two different sampling procedures: that of a fixed and that of a variable frame analysis. Attention is drawn to the fact that these two methods differ with respect to their sampling rules: with the fixed frame method, which cells to include in the sample are defined by the frames, while the variable frame does not employ any sampling rules other than, perhaps, to include as many cells as possible. The sampling corresponding to a variable frame method is shown to result in an underestimation of the true mean cell area especially for small samples. This result is attributed to the fact that when no fixed frame defines the sampling area, the effective sampling area becomes that of within a given area, whereby large cells have a higher probability of being excluded from the sample than small cells. A correct estimate of the mean cell area could be obtained when the sampling was that of a fixed (rectangular) frame properly corrected for the edge effect.

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1981.tb05759.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY