摘要:

A mixture of 1% iodonitrotetrazolium and 1/4% alcian blue effects specific vital staining of the cornea and conjunctiva, with enzyme‐containing, degenerate cells assuming a red colour and mucus a blue. The investigation comprised 307 eyes.The double staining showed that mucus does not tend to become deposited on the surface of degenerate cells that are still alive enough to possess enzymatic activity.Punctate red staining of the tarsal conjunctiva is a characteristic feature ofchronic simple conjunctivitis(inferior tarsus stained in 37%, superior tarsus in 50%, altogether in 60% of eyes).Inkeratoconjunctivitis siccawe find not only mucus and degenerate cells in the exposed sections of the cornea and the bulbar conjunctiva, but also degenerate cells with enzymatic activity on the tarsal conjunctiva. Staining in other conditions is described, and the conclusion is drawn that this specific vitalstain mixture isindicatedin conjunctivitis and other conjunctival disorders, but contra‐indicated in cases of lesions not covered by epithel

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1972.tb05952.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The mucous thread in the inferior conjunctival fornix is vital‐stained specifically by a mixture of 1% tetrazolium and 1/4% alcian blue. A total of 307 eyes were examined in the slit lamp, and 101 of the vital‐stained mucous threads were microscoped and measured. Predominantly red staining of the mucous thread was found to indicate bacterial infectious conjunctivitis, and predominantly green staining indicated a sterile conjunctiva.The predominantly red staining in infectious conjunctivitis is due to myriads of enzyme‐containing, degenerate, neutrophilic leucocytes, while the green colour comes from mucous fibrils.In normal eyes the mucous thread comprises, on an average, 3.1 mm2mucus, 1.3 inm2vacuoles, and 0.02 mm2red areas. For acute infectious conjunctivitis the corresponding figures are: 3.5, 1.0, and 20.8 mm2, and for chronic infectious conjunctivitis: 1.9, 0.4, and 29.0 mm2.The tetrazolium‐alcian blue mixture isindicatedin cases of conjunctival complaints (establishes diagnoses of infectious conjunctivitis and chronic simple conjunctivitis), but iscontraindicatedin the presence of lesions that are not covered by epi

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1972.tb05953.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Chamber angle tissue from human eyes was investigated with scanning electron microscopy. The uveal and corneoscleral parts of the trabecular meshwork are described. The endothelial cells of the inner wall of Schlemm's canal arc long and slender and, at most places, are oriented along the lumen of the canal. The average projected surface of a cell towards the canal is about 480 μm2. The total number of endothelial cells in the inner wall of the canal is about 23,000. The cells have pores with diameters up to 3(5) μm. The total number of pores is about 20,000. Calculations show that if all the observed pores existin vivo, the resistance to outflow in the paths through the endothelial cells is a small fraction of the total resistance to outflo

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1972.tb05954.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The inside of the cornea from human and monkey eyes was investigated with scanning electron microscopy. In man, four zones can be distinguished. Zone I includes most of the cornea. The cells are usually hexagonal, occasionally pentagonal. The cells overlap to a great extent and the nuclei cause low, flat bulges. Few cells have cilia. Drop‐like structures and pits are scattered over the cell surface and probably represent microvilli and openings into pinocytotic vesicles, respectively. The cell borders show much interdigitation and occasional cells have stick‐like structures bridging over the border. Zone II is 500–1000 μm wide. There is less overlapping of the cells and about 50% have a 2–7 μm long central cilium. A few cells have 2–4 cilia. The nuclei bulge less than in Zone I. Zone III is about 50–150 pm wide. In adult human eyes it has an irregular surface due to the presence of Hassall‐Henle's warts. Some cells have cilia. Zone IV lies between Zone III and the trabecular meshwork. It is about 50–100 μm wide and has no warts. The endothelial cells are less regular than in the other zones. Cilia are less frequent than in Zone II. Isolated trabecular cords and openings into subendothelial extensions of the trabecular meshwork are seen. In monkeys the cells of Zone I have no cilia and the cilia of Zone II are scarce. No or few Hassall‐Henle's warts were seen and there was no other feature to distinguish Z

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1972.tb05955.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In meridional sections, the anterior chamber angle is characterised by the width of the entrance into the angle, the shape of the apex, the configuration of the angle recess, and the position of the anterior part of the ciliary body. There are considerable variations in the morphology of the canal of Schlemm. The most important characteristics of the canal include the position of the sinus as regards the apex of the anterior chamber angle, the width of its lumen, and the inclination of the canal of Schlemm towards the anterior chamber. The meridional portion of the ciliary body usually reaches the scleral spur. However, in some eyes the posterior attachment of the ciliary muscle is located behind the scleral spur.In some presumably normal eyes, a partial blockage of the lumen of the Schlemm's canal was observed. Blockage was achieved experimentally on isolated eyes of man by increasing the pressure in the anterior chamber. The anterior position of the Schlemm's canal, the narrow scleral spur, and the posterior attachment of the ciliary muscle may be considered anatomical predispositions to blockage of the Schlemm's canal and the intertrabecular spaces.

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1972.tb05956.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Photocoagulation was carried out on 80 patients with bilateral symmetrical diabetic retinopathy whose ages ranged from 21 to 70 years. Only one eye was treated in each case and the response was compared with the condition of the untreated fellow eye. The degree of severity of retinopathy varied; changes such as microaneurysm, retinal oedema, yellow exudate, dilated blood vessels, retinal neovascularisation not involving the vitreous, and intra‐retinal and preretinal haemorrhages were present. Cases which showed formation of new vessels or connective tissue proliferation into the vitreous were excluded.The follow‐up period varied from 1 to 3 years. All patients were followed up with fundus photographs in colour, estimation of visual acuity, and fluorescein angiography. These procedures showed a clear‐cut remission of retinopathy in 68% of the cases, no improvement in 26% and progression of the lesions in 10%. As regards the situation in the untreated fellow eye, the corresponding percentages were 14, 71, and 15%, respect

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1972.tb05957.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

We introduced into both canaliculi and the nasal cavity a cannula which was connected to a manometer by a rubber pipe. The air pressure could be directed away from the nasal cavity by pressing and sucking the air at held nostrils, and away from the tear ducts by injecting air through the wall of the rubber pipe. In addition to the examination of the physiological variations (at what suction and pressure the valves close, etc.), the method could be used also to determine the mechanism of certain pathological conditions.

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1972.tb05958.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The optic nerve of the pig was investigated experimentally with A ‐ and B‐scans in plain water, and surrounded by the retrobulbar tissues and muscles. The effects of some tissues upon the nerve were also studied. In homogeneous medium substance, i. e. water, the optic nerve was acoustically heterogeneous in both A‐ and B‐scan. In B‐scan the centre of the optic nerve was acoustically homogeneous when surrounded by retrobulbar tissues and muscles, while in A‐scan the optic nerve was acoustically heterogeneous. The position, direction and anatomical structure of the optic nerve, as well as the fact that the change in acoustic impedance is only slight between the optic nerve and the surrounding tissues may be some of the reasons why the optic nerve appears as an acoustically empty space in clinical B‐sca

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1972.tb05959.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A case is presented with recurrence of retinoblastoma in a 14‐year‐old girl 12 years after irradiation treatment. The first eye had been enucleated for the same diagnosis at the age of 12 months. In the differential diagnosis between an inflammatory and a neoplastic condition in the eye, cytologic examination of material aspirated from the anterior chamber appeared use

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1972.tb05960.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A marked and highly significant reduction was observed in the pulsesynchronous change in intraocular pressure in normal pregnancy, as recorded by dynamic tonometry. The decrease in corneal indentation pulse amplitudes most probably reflects a change in the peripheral vascular resistance. It is suggested as a new and characteristic sign of pregnancy. In addition, a minor decrease of the intraocular pressure was found, with no concomitant change in ocular rigidity.

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1972.tb05961.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1972

数据来源: WILEY