摘要:

AbstractThirty‐four patients, all fulfilling the Copenhagen criteria for Primary Sjögren's Syndrome, were examined retrospectively in order to evaluate possible longitudinal alterations in Schirmer‐1‐test results, Rose‐bengal score, break‐up time and level of ocular score. Twenty‐three of the patients were characterized as Bromhexine responders according to their intially positive response to systemic treatment (16 mg × 3 daily) and 11 patients were Bromhexine non‐responders. All patients were treated with tear substitutes during the entire observation period. The patients were followed over a period of 27 to 76 months (mean 53 months), and all eye examinations were carried out by the same ophthalmologist. The responder group had, both in the start as well as at the end of the observation period, a better ocular status compared to the non‐responder group. The latter group had a significantly (P<0.02) lower Schirmer‐1‐test at the start and at the end of the period, and a significantly (P<0.02) higher Rose‐bengal score at the end of the period. Moreover, the responder group improved in Rose‐bengal score (P<0.001), whereas the non‐responder group improved both in break‐up time (P<0.05) and Rose‐bengal score (P<0.05). The use of a score combining results from all three tests, i.e. the ocular score, seems to be a useful tool when evaluating longitudinal variations i dry eye states. Considerable variation was seen between successive results of each ocular test, also in the per

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04367.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe pH of the conjunctival fluid was measured with a micro‐glass‐electrode in the inferior conjunctival fornix of 200 persons. Among 41 binocularly normal persons the pH was found to be 6.93 ± 0.24 (mean ± SD) of the primarily examined eye, independent of sex and age. The conjunctival fluid was significantly more acid in contact lens wearers (6.66 ± 0.28, N 26), but became normalized after removal of the lens (6.49 ± 0.32 → 7.09 ± 0.19, N 8,P<0.001. The conjunctival fluid was significantly more alkaline in patients with lacrimal stenosis (7.13 ± 0.28, N = 11), keratitis (7.14 ± 0.28, N = 10), especially mycotic keratitis and post‐operatively (7.15 ± 0.22, N 10, the first 24 It after corneal transplantation). There was, perhaps, a tendency towards alkalisation in eves with keratoconjunctivitis sicca, whereas the pH was normal in the other pathological states, or the number of cases representing these m

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04368.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study examined the influence of age and gender on T cell populations in the lacrimal gland. Lacrimal (exorbital) glands were obtained from male and female rats at 19 days (pre‐puberty), 9 weeks (adult) and 14 months (mid‐life) of age and tissues were processed for T cell subset identification. In females, the density of total (W3/13+and OX 19+), helper/inducer (W3/25+) and suppressor/cytotoxic (OX 8+) T cells underwent a significant increase in tissues from before, to after puberty. Following this rise, the density of all T cell populations decreased in glands from young adult to midlife females. This pattern of accumulation contrasted with the T cell profile presented by glands from males: T cell densities appeared unaffected from 19 days to 9 weeks of age, and then either declined (OX 19+, W3/25) or remained unchanged (W3/13+, OX 8+) in tissues of 14 month rats. An influence of gender on the distribution of T cells was also apparent if results were corrected for age‐associated variations in lacrimal gland weight. Thus, the absolute number of all T cell populations rose dramatically in glands of both sexes from pre‐ to post‐puberty. However, from 9 weeks to 14 months of age, the total content of W3/13+, OX 19+, W3/25+and OX 8+lymphocytes decreased 2‐fold in glands of females, but did not vary in tissues of males. Of interest, the number of W3/25+and OX 8+cells was analagous in all age groups examined. Moreover, the combined total of W3/25+and OX 8+cells was greater than that of W3/13+or OX 19+cells at every age. Overall, these results demonstrate that age has a significant impact on the lymphocytic density in the lacrimal gland. In addition, our findings show that gender may influence the lymphocyte profile in lacr

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04369.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA televised discrimination task was used to assess visual performance with spectacles and then with hydrophilic (‘soft’) contact lenses in a small group of human subjects. Concurrent recording of eyeblink activity indicated that an increased blink rate recorded during the first month of soft contact lens wear was confined to the immediate post‐response phase of testing. Furthermore, as adaptation to lens wear proceeded, the blink pattern was revealed as being refined to visual task diffi

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04370.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractKeywords: A modification of the single optotype Sheridan Gardiner test for pre‐school children has been used to measure visual crowding. A significant ‘crowding effect’ has been found in children between the ages of 3 and 6 years with a general decrease in the effect over the pre‐school years. The ‘crowding’ in 5–7 year olds is not significantly greater than that found in adults. No significant difference has been found in the extent of crowding using the test at 3 m rather than the normal 6 m viewing distance, although in general the test has been found to be practically easier with better co‐operation at 3 m for the younger children. For these reasons, this particular test at 3 m would seem to be well suited to acuity testing in pre‐school children, when an acuity equivalent to Snellen v

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04371.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe patient histories of 53 unselected children referred for pleoptic treatment were evaluated. The age of the patients ranged from 7 to 12 years, and the mean age was 8.8 years. Information concerning the history was obtained from a questionnaire answered by the parents. The data concerning the ocular conditions were available in the case records. In 83% of the children the diagnosis of functional amblyopia had already been made before school age. During the first 3 years of life altogether 38% were diagnosed outside of routine screening programmes. When the children caught by screening were added, the proportion of those diagnosed before the age of four was 45%. The practice of referring patients from the child health center to the ophthalmological examination was unsatisfactory in some children (19%). Poor compliance was noted still more often (at least in 58%). Occlusion therapy had been used by 92% of the children, and in 42% alternating complete occlusion had been prescribed.

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04372.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe describe the production of hybridomas producing antibody reactive with retinal pigment epithelium. The patterns of reactivity obtained when supernatants from these hybrids were used to immuno‐stain ocular and non‐ocular tissues are described. From the patterns of reactivity obtained we suggest that the RPE shares common features with simple and glandular epithelia as well as myoepithelial cells. These findings may lend support to the hypotheses of RPE cell migration and contraction in the formation of epiretinal membranes and retinal detachm

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04373.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLaser treatment with blue‐green argon, green argon and/or krypton red was performed on 578 eyes in 443 patients with neovascular age‐related macular degeneration (AMD). The visual acuity was examined in all eyes 2 to 8 weeks after initial treatment and in 204 eyes in 167 patients 2 to 4 years after initial treatment. The short term results were as follow: 91/578 eyes (16%) had improved ( 2 lines on Snellen's chart or equivalent steps), 445/578 eyes (77%) remained unchanged and 42/578 eyes (7%) had deteriorated visual acuity ( 2 lines on Snellen's chart or equivalent steps). The reduction in visual acuity, may in about half of the 42 eyes be caused by too intensive laser application in the beginning of this study in 1983 and 1984 where treatment was applied with blue‐green argon, which has now been abandoned. In the group with an observation time of 2 to 4 years, 42/204 eyes (21%) had improved, 119/204 eyes (58%) remained unchaged and 43/204 eyes (21%) had a deteriorated visual acuity. In the 204 eyes the subretinal neovascular lesion(s) were located extrafoveally in 52 eyes, juxtafoveally in 114 eyes and subfoveally in 38 eyes. It is to be pointed out, that even patients with a pre‐laser visual acuity of 6/60 or worse obtained an improvement of visual acuity in 12/27 eyes. About 40% of the eyes needed re‐treatment from 1 to 8 times. It is unknown whether the obtained results are to be considered marginal or more substantial. Reports from abroad indicate that about 75% of eyes with neovascular AMD go blind within one to two years. Controlled long term clinical studies are required of the natural history and of the post‐las

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04374.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of a pulsed YAG laser on mono‐layers of chorioretinal cells maintained in vitro on plastic surface was examined. At the energy levels used, phase contrast microscopic visible lesions were observed at all focus distances up to 2 mm. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated curling of detached sheets of cells, displacement of single cells, clustering of cells, and severe cell membrane damage at the edge of the lesions. The present system permits evaluation of the effect of different laser characteristics and application modes on the extent and morphology of damage in monolayers of human cells under easily controlled condition

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04375.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA stathmokinetic method to study the mitotic rate in the corneal epithelium of the rat is described and applied. Horizontal and vertical diameter sections were used. In order to analyze the mitotic rate in the various parts of the corneal epithelium, each vision field (objective 100, eye piece 12.5), comprising 182 μm basement membrane, was regarded as a separate unit. Since the number of vision fields acros the cornea varies from specimen to specimen, we constructed a mathematical method to correlate corresponding corneal areas from different eyes. Using this method it is shown that the mitotic rate is almost equal all over the cornea, with no definite reduction in the central areas. There is no area of significantly high proliferation rate, either in the limbal area or in the adjacent conjunctiva

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04376.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY