摘要:

The changes in IOP were registered in two groups, each comprising 30 patients, after a retrobulbar injection of Xylocaine and Xylocaine‐adrenaline respectively. No significant difference between the mean values of the initial pressures and the IOP during the following ten min could be proved in either of the groups, but in several individual cases there was a considerable and unpredictable change in IOP following the injection. After ten min this effect was still often present but less pronounced. The change in IOP was significantly greater when adrenaline was used. As a result of these findings the authors have been inclined to cease using adrenaline in retrobulbar anaesthesia for intraocular surgery of short duratio

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1977.tb08269.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a successive cataract series of 874 eyes which underwent operation for senile cataract by microsurgery, and had no preoperative diagnosis of glaucoma, 16 (1.8%) were found to have aphakic glaucoma after a follow‐up period ranging from 10 months to 6 years.Of these cases 44% (7 eyes) had pupillary block, 37% (6 eyes) canal block, and 19% (3 eyes) angle block without primary pupillary block, whereas no eye showed ciliary block.The cause of pupillary block in the present series appears to have been the use of iridotomy instead of iridectomy (in 6 of the 7 cases). In 5 of the 7 cases with pupillary block, the manifest aphakic pupillary block had been preceded by increasing vitreous herniation into the pupil, without rupture of the hyaloid membrane. This situation, designated relative aphakic pupillary block, is assumed to precede in most cases the manifest aphakic pupillary block and is therefore of diagnostic importance, unlike stationary vitreous hernia. In the group with canal block, the mean preoperative ocular tension had been higher than in the other groups. When considering also the normal postoperative gonioscopy, this makes us interpret these cases as latent simple glaucoma (canal block) rendered manifest by the cataract operation.This small series does not afford any indication to assume that a corneal cataract incision involves less risk than a corneo‐scleral incision of injuring Schlemm's canal.Treatment was predominantly surgical in the group of pupillary block, predominantly medical in the oth

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1977.tb08270.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Theoretical considerations on a simplified biological system representing the tear pathways lead to the assumption of an exponential pattern of elimination of tracer substances from the conjunctival sac. The tracer used in the present study was technetium, Tc99m, as sodium pertechnetate. The detection system consisted of a gamma camera coupled to a digital system, a minicomputer and a magnetic tape unit.After instillation of 10 μl normal saline solution containing Tc99mthe decay of activity was followed by means of an activity‐time function curve to which exponential curves were approximated by the computer. As a parameter for tear flow the fractional turnover rate was calculated from 7 to 15 min after instillation. An initial faster elimination was found in the first 7 min following instillation. Corrections for background radiation, evaporation of water and transconjunctival transport of Tc99mwere estimat

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1977.tb08271.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two EOG parameters ‐ The Arden ratio (A) and an expression devised by Gliem (G) ‐ from a sample of normal human subjects are studied. Their relations to the EOG potential and time parameters and to sex, age, pupillary diameter, degree of iris pigmentation, refractive error and axial length, ocular protrusion and interpupillary distance were assessed. Right eye and left eye distributions were congruent, although individual differences were sometimes appreciable, especially in the case of G. The two ratios were positively correlated and both showed a negative correlation to the interval between the dark trough and the light peak. Correlations to the EOG potential parameters, especially the light induced potential rise of the dark adapted eye, were also established.In the case of A, a higher level was disclosed in the male half of the sample. A negative age correlation, predominant in the female part of the sample, characterized both ratios. The two ratios were positively correlated to the pupil diameter, negatively correlated to the degree of refractive error, and positively correlated to the degree of ocular protrusion. The consequences for the clinical EOG test are discussed, and it is concluded that the present EOG procedure is a qualitative rather than a quantitative t

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1977.tb08272.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A suction cup has been devised to fit the periphery of the cornea and applanate its central part. A slow, continuous saline infusion entering through a central opening forms a disc of fluid between applanating and applanated surface in which the pressure (Pcup) is followed by a conventional transducer. The saline leaves the periphery of the cup via a hanging tube creating a suction pressure of approximately 15 mmHg, which keeps the cup on the cornea. In human cadaver eyes the relation between intraocular pressure (Po) and Pcupwas Po= 0.80 x Pcup− 2.3 (rnmHg), r = 0.9986. In enucleated rabbit eyes: Po= 0.94 x Pcup− 0.1 (mmHg), r = 0.9996. Thus, with appropriate calibration of the recorder, the cup functions both accurately and linearly. The relationships were virtually uninfluenced by large changes in both the rate of suction and the inflow rate of saline. When measuring on eyes of patients, the cup was atraumatic and gave an excellent dynamic respo

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1977.tb08273.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Model calculations of the time course of the intraocular pressure are performed in cases where the four determinants mentioned in the title vary, singly or simultaneously, according to specified time functions. Assumptions are 1) that the outflow of the aqueous humour is proportional to the driving pressure, and 2) that the intraocular pressure and volume are related to each other as described by Friedenwald. The mathematical solution is numerical and involves the repetition of the same calculatory step process. It is rendered probable that the maximal inhibitory effect of acetazolamide on the secretion of aqueous humour is reached in less than one minute after the drug has reached the receptors. A programmable calculator with 224 storage locations is used, the programs are given.

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1977.tb08274.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The anterior chambers of rabbit, monkey and human eyes were perfused with horseradish peroxidase. The perfusion was started immediately after enucleation of the monkey and human eyes, while the rabbit eyes were perfusedin situafter the animals had been killed. Comparative results were obtained after 1 h of perfusion and were mainly based on frozen sections. Intensive staining was found in the Descemet's membrane, the sclera and the iridial stroma, considerably more than in the corneal stroma and in the ciliary body base. In the vervet monkey and human eyes only traces of peroxidase reaction products were seen in the stroma of the ciliary body base. The movement of the protein tracer from the anterior chamber into the corneal stroma is probably dependent upon vesicular transport across the corneal endothelium. The Descemet's membrane was interpreted to be more porous than the corneal stroma. A trans‐corneal and a corneo‐scleral movement appeared to be more efficient than the uveo‐scleral one, at least in the vervet monkey and the human

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1977.tb08275.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The permeability of the human ciliary epithelium to horseradish peroxidase (PO) has been studiedin vitrowith the electron microscope. Ciliary body and iris specimens were obtained from freshly enucleated eyes. PO was applied at the stromal side of the epithelium, and was left for 120 min. The movement of PO through the intercellular spaces of the human ciliary epithelium was blocked apically in the lateral intercellular spaces of the non‐pigmented epithelial cells, indicating that these cells are girdled byzonulae occludentes.In the iridial epithelium, the same distribution pattern of peroxidase reaction products (PORP) was found, i. e. the progression of PO was blocked apically in the lateral intercellular spaces of the posterior epithelial cells. The study indicates that the human ciliary and iridial epithelium contains a system ofzonulae occludentes, which represents a diffusion barrier to high molecular, water soluble substances. This is consistent with previous studies in several species of animal

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1977.tb08276.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In 49 human senile cataractous lenses the sodium and potassium concentrations of the lens water as well as the water and dry weight percentages were examined. It was found justifiable to classify the lenses into three categories on the basis of correlated biomicroscopic and biochemical findings:1Immature cataractous lenseswithout anterior capsular/subcapsular opacity (ac‐sco) were characterized by lowCNaL+, highCKL+ and low sums ofCNaL+ +CKL+.2Immature cataractous lenses withac‐scowere characterized by intermediate values ofCNaL+ andCKL+, as well as high sums ofCNaL+ +CKL+.3Totally opaque lenses (these lenses had 80–100% of ac‐sco) were characterized by highCNaL+, lowCKL+, high sums ofCNaL+ +CKL+, high water, and low dry weight percentages.It was found that in immature cataractous lenses increasing extension of ac‐sco was correlated to increasingCNaL+ and increasing ratios ofCNaL+/CNaA+ as well as to decreasingCKL+ and decreasing ratios ofCKL+/CKA+. The sums of CNaL+ +CKA+ increased. There was a correlation of the extent of ac‐sco to the water and dry weight percentages of the immature senile cataractous lenses with ac‐sco, viz. a negative correlation for water and a positive one for the dry weight. However, these latter two correlations may be due to chance significances, the level of significance being only 0.05>P>0.02 in both instances.Lenses which were estimated to have ≥ 30% of ac‐sco were found to be more opaque than lenses wit

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1977.tb08277.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A young woman with acute posterior multifocal placoid epitheliopathy originally presented with signs and symptoms of an anterior uveitis. Prior to the eye condition the patient had experienced headaches and malaise with some muscle and joint tenderness, and had been treated with penicillin because of a dental infection. The clinical and fluorescein angiographic findings are presented. The evidence supports the concept of a primary vascular disturbance of the choriocapillaris with secondary involvement of the retinal pigment epithelium.

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1977.tb08278.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1977

数据来源: WILEY