摘要:

Abstract.A review is given of the literature concerning refraction and eye size in the elderly. Information being sporadic, a picture has to be pieced together from cross‐sectional studies of various authors. This implies differences from study to study regarding definitions, composition of samples, and methodology in particular. In Western communities, the main refractive change after the age of 50 is towards hypermetropia, but there are only few studies dealing with eye size. The secular trend ‐ increasing bodily dimensions for each new generation ‐ has possibly contributed to the concept of smaller eyes with old age, where this has been reported. Otherwise an impression is gained of eye size stability in the elderly. From a mechanistic point of view this seems probable, considering that intraocular pressure is maintained ‐ or increased ‐ in senescence. The usual non‐pathology demand can hardly be fulfilled in studies of the elderly, clear lenses being the exception. Epidemiologically, cataract series can probably be used for eye size estimates, though refractively and eye‐dimensionally it is not fully known whether skewness might apply to

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04592.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The effect of peripheral refractive error correction on the automated perimetric sensitivity profile was investigated on a sample of 10 clinically normal, experienced observers. Peripheral refractive error was determined at eccentricities of 0°, 20° and 40° along the temporal meridian of the right eye using the Canon Autoref R‐1, an infra‐red automated refractor, under the parametric conditions of the Octopus automated perimeter. Perimetric sensitivity was then undertaken at these eccentricities (stimulus sizes 0 and III) with and without the appropriate peripheral refractive correction using the Octopus 201 automated perimeter. Within the measurement limits of the experimental procedures employed, perimetric sensitivity was not influenced by peripheral refractive corr

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04593.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Eight malignant uveal melanomas irradiated with Stallard's60Co applicator or Lommatzsch's106Ru/10 6Rh applicator were studied by light microscopy and immunohistochemistry to analyse tumour cell morphology, antigenic expression and inflammatory cell infiltration in relation to radiation dose. The tumours were enucleated 1 to 24 months after irradiation because they did not regress or continued to grow. One patient has later died of metastatic disease. Eight uveal melanomas that were not irradiated were studied for comparative purposes. Radiation necrosis was found only in two cases. In four irradiated and in one control melanoma conspicuous collagen fibres were present in the basal part of the tumour. No difference was noted between the two groups in the number of mitotic figures or in the morphology of tumour cells. In all cases but one, more than half of the tumour cells were variably positive for S‐100 protein. Neuron‐specific enolase‐positive melanoma cells were few in number and occurred in small clusters, and were somewhat more common in irradiated cases. A few lymphocytes and macrophages, which were preferentially found near the choroid, infiltrated every melanoma, but only single cells were associated with radiation necrosis. A mild scleritis near the tumour was present irrespective of irradiation. Although the melanomas were quite large for irradiation, the lack of necrosis in optimally irradiated basal parts of the tumour additionally indicates substantial radioresis

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04594.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Refraction and accommodation of 61 diabetic children (aged 9 to 16 years) and 92 non‐diabetic children (aged 10 to 16 years) were studied. Myopia was found in 36.1% of the diabetic children and in 29.3% of the non‐diabetic children. The difference was not statistically significant. In the diabetic children, the age of the onset of myopia and the progression of myopia were the same as in the usual myopia at school age. The refraction curve of the diabetic children was less peaked than that of the non‐diabetic children; a greater number of low myopic refractions were observed, and the low hyperopic refractions were more evenly distributed in the curve of the diabetic children. The mean accommodation of the diabetic children was 9.9D ± 2.2, and in the non‐diabetic children it was 11.8D ± 2.6. The difference was statistically significant. The accommodation of both the diabetic and non‐diabetic girls was lower than that of the boys. The accommodation in the myopic diabetic children was statistically significantly lower than the accommodation in the hyperopic diabet

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04595.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Two siblings with total regional choroidal atrophy and other manifestations of ectodermal dysplasia are presented. The mode of inheritance is uncertain, hut mild macular disease in the father may represent heterozygote manifestation of a recessive condition.

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04596.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Argon laser lesions were produced in human retinas in eyes to be enucleated because of choroidal melanomas. Lesions were subsequently isolated and maintained in vitro for one month and evaluated by light, transmission and scanning electron microscopy. In the cultured lesions ingrowing cells with a well recognizable epithelial morphology were observed to cover Bruch's membrane in the photocoagulated area, and to grow as sheets on sensory retinal tissue and on detached necrotic pigment epithelium. This growth was predominantly monolayered. In areas, however, overlapping, detachment of cells from the epithelium into the photocoagulated debris, and formation of tubulovescicular structures were observed. The present study demonstrates that lesions with a known potential for reactive changes in the retinal pigment epithelium in vivo can be isolated and cultured with a maintained potential for some of the typical reactive patterns. This opens for investigations on their genesis and on agents modifying these patterns under controlled in vitro conditions.

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04597.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Diabetic perifoveal edema is a potentially dangerous condition. A consecutive series of 58 diabetic eyes with fluorescein angiographically verified perifoveal edema and decreasing visual acuity and/or meta‐morphopsia was treated by orange dye laser photocoagulation in a perifoveal grid pattern. Observation periods ranged from 3 to 74 weeks (median 23.5 weeks). Post‐treatment fluorescein angiography showed 51 dry foveas, 5 had discrete residual edemata and 2 were not controlled by fluorescein angiography, but were clinically dry. Metamorphopsia decreased simultaneously in most patients. Two eyes deteriorated more than 2 lines on the Snellen chart. Both developed chronic maculopathy, maybe induced by treatment. Except for these two, we found only minor changes in visual acuities and central visual fields. We find the method to be a relatively safe procedure to dry up diabetic foveal ed

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04598.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.The authors examined a patient presenting with congenital sensory neuropathy with selective loss of small myelinated nerve fibres. The appearance of (bilaterial) keratitis or corneal ulceration in early childhood is strongly suggestive of congenital corneal anaesthesia. Concomitant symptoms such as anisocoria, abnormal pupillary reaction, diminished tear production and disturbed sensibility to pain and temperature point to a generalized disease: one of the hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathies. In order to establish a definite diagnosis, elaborate neurological examination, including ultrastructural study of a musclenerve biopsy, is required. Tarsorrhaphy, therapeutic flushfitting PMMA scleral lenses and hydrophilic HEMA contact lenses are advocated, in order to protect the cornea. The results with high‐water‐content hydrophilic contact lenses are promising, those of keratoplasty limi

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04599.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Partial cryotherapy was performed in the right eye of 14 kittens with experimental oxygen‐induced retinopathy, while the left eye remained untreated as a control. Subsequent funduscopic examination and histopathological studies of all kittens showed no significant difference between the treated and untreated eyes with respect to the amount of neovascular proliferation. We attribute this negative result mainly to the fact that the cryoablation of the kittens' retina was incomplete, leaving a considerable amount of residual ischemic retin

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04600.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract.Based on measurements of the corneal diameter, radius of curvature variation, and thickness profile a method for calculation of the horizontal meri‐ dian's sectional tissue mass area (M) is described. Pooled values of 52 normal eyes demonstrate M to be 8.57 mm2±SD. Comparing one eye of 27 keratoconic patients with one eye of 28 normals established no significant difference in M. This result is in accordance with a hypothesis in which the keratoconic corneal thinning is a result of an increased sliding of collagen fibers rather than a result of increased collagen de‐ grada

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1988.tb04601.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1988

数据来源: WILEY