摘要:

Elevated arterial carbon dioxide tension, induced by the administration of CO2via the respiratory air or by hypoventilation, entailed a gradual increase in the IOP in patients without eye diseases under general anaesthesia. A sudden cessation of CO2administration or hyperventilation caused such a rapid, simultaneous fall in IOP to values below the initial level that the pressure variations must be of vascular nature, presumably related to changes in choroidal blood volume. The above‐mentioned procedures always cause a change in the central venous pressure (CVP) simultaneously with the IOP changes. Alterations of the CVP induced by hydrostatic factors in postural changes, placing the head 15° above or below the horizontal level while keeping the PaCO2constant, caused IOP changes of the same configuration and magnitude as described above. It is concluded, therefore, that presumably the CO2‐conditioned IOP changes are due predominantly to changes in central venous pressure, being one link in a CO2‐conditioned action upon the general circulation, entailing passive secondary changes in the choroidal venous blood volume and thereby an influence upon the IOP. On the basis of the present results it appears rational to recommend hyperventilation to keep the PaCO2between 25 and 30 mm and a 15° anti‐Trendelenburg position in operations on the open eye under general anaesthesia, since both procedures afford a low central venous pressure and consequently a low pressure in the posterior segment of the eye, with its attendant advantages as regards vitreous complications and the insertion of intraocular lenses. Owing to the risk of an unacceptable fall in BP in the combined procedure, a frequent checking of the BP

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1981.tb08331.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Explants from the retinal pigment epithelium and the underlying choroid and sclera were dissected from human eyes and transfered to culture wells. The mechanical trauma caused by the dissection and removal of the explants, and the changes in biological milieu caused by transfer of the tissue to an in vitro system causes injury, necrosis and detachment of cells from Bruch's membrane. In the retinal pigment epithelium, cells adjacent to damaged, spherical and detaching cells and smaller cell free zones form rosettes. At the periphery of big defects, the cells spread out to cover the denuded areas of Bruch's membrane. The present work has shown that cell injury in the human retinal pigment epithelium is followed by reactive cellular changes in vitro. The result of these reactive changes are increased variation in cellular form and magnitude and in pigment concentration per unit area.

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1981.tb08332.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A procedure is suggested to also utilize the computer of the automatic perimeter for the evaluation of the visual field recordings. Parameters are constructed describing the general performance level of a test, size of a defect and its location etcetera. Comparisons with normal values, with the contralateral eye and, when possible, with previous test results are carried through. Trends towards decay or improvement in series of consecutive test results are analyzed. — The information of the field test is printed out in a concise form, verbally and numericall

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1981.tb08333.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In a cross over study the diurnal effects of metoprolol 0.22 mg mounted on ophthalmic rods and timolol eye drops (0.5%) was compared with respect to intraocular pressure, heart rate and blood pressure. Eleven glaucoma patients, 56–80 years old, were treated. No significant difference in ocular hypotensive action was disclosed between these two agents. The median or mean percentage hypotensive effect of both agents did not exceed 26%. The maximum pressure reduction occurred during the first 4 h after treatment. Both agents appeared to influence the heart rate and mean arterial pressure 1 —4 h after ocular application. The administration of 0.22 mg metoprolol on ophthalmic rods produces seemingly a similar effect on intraocular pressure, blood pressure and heart rate as one eye drop of 3 % metopro

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1981.tb08334.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Determination of tear lysozyme, alfa‐1‐antitrypsin and serum albumin was performed in the tear fluid of 24 glaucoma patients on maintenance treatment with timolol. In 7 patients with symptoms of dry eye decreased levels of tear lysozyme and increased levels of alfa‐1‐antitrypsin and serum albumin were disclosed in contrast to 17 timolol treated patients without dry eyes and to healthy controls. The timolol treated patients with ocular dryness also showed hyperosmolality of tear fluid, abnormal corneal staining with rose bengal and decreased break‐up time and Schirmer‐I‐test. It is concluded that decreased concentration of tear lysozyme in glaucoma patients on topical treatment with timolol may indicate some impairment of the teargland function provoked by

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1981.tb08335.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The effect of 3% metoprolol and 0.5% timolol eye drops on the intraocular pressure (IOP) was compared in healthy subjects. The effect of a single dose was determined up to 48 h after administration of the drug before and after 2 weeks' treatment twice daily with the test drug. The study was performed as a randomized, double‐masked cross‐over study. Both drugs caused significant reductions in IOP with a maximal effect 2 to 8 h after administration of the drug. Timolol reduced the mean IOP from 14.8 to 10.7 mmHg after 2 h. The corresponding figures for metoprolol were 14.1 and 11.5 mmHg. There was no clear cut effect in the untreated eye for either drug. The effect of one drop timolol lasted for at least 48 h. The duration of one drop metoprolol was 36 h, but there was a marked reduction of the effect between 8 and 12 h after administration of the drug. Both drugs caused a smaller pressure reduction when the effect of one eye drop was followed for 48 h after two weeks' treatment compared to the initial response. This “escape” was of the same order for both drugs. It has been concluded that the composition of metoprolol eye drops used in the present study is less efficient than timolol as an ocular hypotensiv

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1981.tb08336.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

A comparison of the diurnal effects of timolol 0.5% and metoprolol 3.0% eye drops on the intraocular pressure, blood pressure and heart rate in 10 glaucoma patients was performed in a double‐masked cross‐over study. Both agents produced a significant ocular hypotensive effect for more than 12 h. Timolol appeared to be more potent after 4 and 7 h. No significant difference in hypotensive action was present between timolol and metoprolol 1, 12 and 24 h after treatment. The mean arterial pressure was significantly lowered after I and 4 h with timolol and after 1 h during metoprolol therapy. Both agents reduced the heart rate after 1 h. Measurements of plasma concentration of ocular applied timolol and metoprolol showed in 4 patients levels of plasma timolol high enough to induce minimal systemic beta‐blo

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1981.tb08337.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

During intracapsular lens extraction the extreme retinal periphery is subjected to zonula‐mediated traction and possible damage to the retinal vessels. The vascular pattern at the ora serrata was studied with special reference to the frequency and distribution of vessels positioned adjacent to the ora structures. The possible role of leakage from such vessels in vitreo‐retinal pathology of the aphakic eye is discus

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1981.tb08338.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The total number of cataract extractions in Eskimos in Greenland was 43 during 1979 and 1980. Of these 28 were performed as first eye extractions. The frequency of first eye extractions was found to be rather high, respectively 42 and 72 per 10.000 persons in 60–69 and 70–79‐year‐old persons. Racial, nutritional, climatological factors together with “backlog effect” ar

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1981.tb08339.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The occurrence of secondary haemorrhage after traumatic hyphaema was studied in 239 patients treated in the Department of Ophthalmology, Tampere Central Hospital during the years 1972 to 1980. From 1972 to 1976, 126 patients with traumatic hyphaema were confined to bed and treated without antifibrinolytic agents; nine (7.1%) of these patients developed secondary haemorrhage. From 1977 to 1980, none of 58 patients with traumatic hyphaema treated with tranexamic acid developed secondary haemorrhage which was seen in 3 (5.5%) of 55 patients treated without antifibrinolytic agents; the activities of these patients were not restricted and the eyes were not patched. The resorption of the hyphaema was significantly delayed in the tranexamic acid treated patients. It is concluded that tranexamic acid delays resorption of the blood‐clot sealing the damaged vessel and preventing secondary haemorrhage after traumatic hyphaema without bed‐rest and binocular patch

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1981.tb08340.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY