摘要:

Various geophysical factors have been blamed as the cause of a rare blinding disease found in the Red Sea littora. A small expedition of the Scientific Exploration Society backed by The Royal Military College of Science in England, whose laboratories were utilised, visited the Dahlak group of islands. There it was discovered that in some areas human eyes are subjected to relatively high short ultra‐violet radiation (SUVR) doses. This was true not only for total integrated ultra‐violet radiation but also in the case of that proportion reflected from white coral sand especially when contaminated with salt. The day‐long activities of the inhabitants, whose living depends on diving and fishing, in islands without shade, as well as the weather conditions, contribute to a complexity of circumstantial evidence strongly supporting the view that the condition known as climatic keratopathy arises from the cumulative effect on the exposed part of cornea, especially in the range discovered there — 290 to 310 nm. Laboratory work was carried out on samples of topsoil on the islands and in the mainland of Eritrea. Ultra‐violet sensors and detectors were used under different circumstances to augment the information. This paper amplifies the clinical paper on Dahlak blindness published in the British Journal of Opht

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1974.tb01114.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The bacterial flora of 100 normal conjunctivas was studied.Staphylococcus albusand corynebacteria were the most common microorganisms recovered, followed byStaphylococcus aureus, gram‐negative bacilli and streptococci. The topographical distribution ofS. albusand corynebacteria on 12 different anatomical regions of the conjunctiva was examined, and showed that both bacteria occurred less frequently on the bulbar regions. No differences between the upper and lower parts, nor between the outer and inner regions could be found. A culture obtained from the lower fornical and tarsal conjunctiva revealed about 93% ofS. albusand corynebacteria actually harbouring on the conjunctiva.The instillation of anaesthetic eye drops (0.2% benoxinate hydrochloride) immediately before obtaining cultures was seen to alter the preexisting bacterial distribution on the conjunctiva to preponderance in its lower parts, presumably by a “washing out” e

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1974.tb01115.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In 44 patients wearing uniocular glass prostheses, the bilateral conjunctival bacterial flora was studied and compared. The predominant organisms were essentially the same in both sides:Staphylococcus albus, corynebacteria followed byStaphylococcus aureus.However, the incidence of contaminant bacteria (gram‐negative bacilli and anaerobic bacteria grouped together) was significantly higher (P<0.05) on the socket side.Patients with inflamed sockets proved to harbour more potentially pathogenic bacteria (S. aureus, streptococci and gram‐negative bacilli) than those without inflammation (P<0.05).The “wearing time” of the prosthesis and methods used for keeping it clean did not seem to alter the flora of the

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1974.tb01116.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Using an infra‐red camera AGA 680 the temperature of the cornea of men and rabbits was measured with a precision of ±0.1°C. The subjects were moved from normal room temperature into a cold chamber with temperatures of 0°C and ‐10°C.The material was divided and mean corneal temperatures were recorded at various times as follows:The frequency of blinking is low in rabbit compared to that of man.On the basis of present data it is obvious that the corneal temperature is a function not only of the ambient temperature, but also of body temperature and blinking.It is supposed that there is an additional factor responsible for more rapid cooling in the human cornea than in a rabbit's. This factor might be the smaller amount of aqueous humor behind the cornea, in which case the corresponding thermal capacity will also be smaller.Using a test animal lacks the advantage of co‐operation during the test. The physical nature of using the infra‐red camera in measuring the temperature of the cornea is briefl

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1974.tb01117.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The diurnal curves and tonography result were studied in 367 eyes of 236 patients with ocular hypertension ≥ 20 mmHg. The outflow values of 97 eyes with glaucomatous optic nerve damage (OND) were compared with those of eyes with similar pressure but without optic nerve damage. The coefficients were lower in the former than in the latter group, but the differences were small and deviations great. Tonography performed in addition to the diurnal curve seems to be of very limited value in predicting the risk of glaucomatous damage in an individual eye with ocular hypertension.The outflow coefficient was lower for eyes with the pseudoexfoliation syndrome than for eyes with similar pressure without pseudoexfoliatio

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1974.tb01118.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The von Willebrand factor‐Factor VIII (vW‐AHF) related protein and the AHF (antihaemophilic factor A) activity have been measured in the blood of 63 diabetic patients with and without diabetic retinopathy. Compared to normals, diabetic patients showed a clear increase in both vW‐AHF related protein and AHF activity. Patients with retinopathy had a level of vW‐AHF related protein significantly higher than patients without retinopathy. Since the von Willebrand factor is involved in the mechanism of platelet adhesion and aggregation these findings may contribute to an explanation of the increased platelet stickiness known to occur in diabetics and especially in those with retinal

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1974.tb01119.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Both eyes of anaesthetized vervet monkeys were perfused with mock aqueous humor for 3–7 hours. By adjusting the height of a reservoir connected to each eye the intraocular pressure in one eye was maintained at 33–48 mmHg and in the other eye it was a few mmHg above the spontaneous level. The facility of outflow in the high pressure eye increased by an average of 350% (160–630%), whereas the increase in the control eye was less than 40%. Morphologically the control eyes appeared normal, whereas pronounced changes were observed in the high pressure eyes. The endothelial cells in the trabecular meshwork were swollen and demonstrated loss of cytoplasm. Cell debris and “blebs” were observed in the intertrabecular spaces. The endothelial meshwork and the endothelium of the inner wall of Schlemm's canal were partly disrupted. The outflow facility was normalized within 1 day but marked morphological changes were stil

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1974.tb01120.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

To explain the transmission of toxoplasmosis, it has been suggested that the trophozoites might not survive outside the body, but that cysts, oocysts and transplacental infection transmit the disease. In order to evaluate the possibility that the proliferative form transmits the disease, trophozoites were preserved in human tears, saliva, and urine and in pasteurized cow's milk at 4°C and for isolation inoculated daily into healthy, toxoplasma‐free mice i.p. It was observed that trophozoites remained infectious in excretions for several days, in tears for 4 days, in saliva for 5 days, in urine for 7 days and in milk for 6 days. Results suggest that trophozoites can survive in excretions outside the body long enough to transmit the disea

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1974.tb01121.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In 11 normotensive eyes, numerous ΔV were calculated from corneal applanations of different sizes. To each ΔV the corresponding ΔP was measured by Goldmann's applanation tonometer. Friedenwald's coefficient K, as derived from the results of this study (Ka), was in accordance with the manometries on living eyes of Prijot, Weekers and Ytteborg and definitely smaller than that given by differential tonometry (Kt) performed on the same e

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1974.tb01122.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

The Friedmann Visual Field Analyser has been tested on 108 visual fields, of which 67 had neuro‐ophthalmological defects and 41 were normal according to the kinetic Goldmann perimeter which was used as a control method. For an exact evaluation of the extent of the defects and for follow‐up studies, the analyser was found to be less suitable. The most obvious advantage of the instrument is that it may be operated even by an untrained assistant. Used at one single luminance level of 0.2 log units above the one recommended according to the age of the subject, it was found to be a rapid and fairly reliable screening method. If three fields with enlarged blind spots were excluded, there were four relative hemianopias which escaped detection, i. e. 6% false‐negative fields. In these cases, the analyser happened to detect the hemianopia of the fellow eye. There were also a number of false‐positive

ISSN:1755-375X    

DOI:10.1111/j.1755-3768.1974.tb01123.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1974

数据来源: WILEY