ISSN:0893-0341    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Intellectual abnormalities are common in Parkinson disease (PD), occurring in a majority of patients and exhibiting a spectrum of severity from mild to severe. Alzheimer disease (AD) has been posited as the cause of dementia in PD. Comparative neuropsychological studies, however, show differences in memory, language, and frontal lobe functions between AD and PD patients even when the two groups have comparably severe dementia syndromes. The AD-type neuropathology occurs in 10–60% of PD patients, and dementia is usually overt when AD pathology is identified at autopsy. The AD changes are less frequent than intellecutal deterioration in PD, and dementia has been observed in PD patients without AD pathology. Therefore, concurrent AD cannot be the cause of all cases of dementia in PD. Cholinergic deficits occur in some PD patients, but cholinergic deficits have been described in patients without dementia and dementia has been documented in patients without cholinergic system abnormalities. Dopaminergic disturbances contribute to the dementia of PD. Differences in neuropeptide concentrations, electrophysiologic responses, and cerebral metabolism also support patholphysiologic distinctions between AD and the dementia of PD. Genetic investigations suggest a role for heredity in AD, whereas PD appears to be an acquired, nongenetic disorder. These studies indicate that despite areas of overlap in clinical symptoms and neuropathology, AD and the dementia of PD are largely distinct.

ISSN:0893-0341    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Anatomical connections between the frontal lobes and basal ganglia have long suggested joint participation in behavioural operations. Early experiments with nonhuman primates and patients are reviewed, followed by current research investigating the specific cognitive routines at risk in Parkinson disease. An hypothesis regarding the functional contribution of the basal ganglia to the frontostriate system is offered. The basal ganglia are considered to set limits on the context within which mental and motor events occur. It is argued that the nature of such processing is subcognitive.

ISSN:0893-0341    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Visuospatial deficits have been found repeatedly in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). However, their precise nature and significance remain controversial. Whereas it is often asserted that primary visuospatial impairments begin early in the disease, others argue that poor performance on visuospatial tasks reflects methodological artifact. This article reviews research on spatial cognition in PD. Five categories of spatial functions are described: visual analysis and synthesis; facial recognition; judgment of direction, orientation, and distance; constructional praxis; and spatial attention. Proposed guidelines for future research include the use of conceptual rather than operational definitions of visual spatial ability, greater attention directed at separating spatial from nonspatial task components, and studies examining basic mechanisms underlying spatial vision.

ISSN:0893-0341    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Previously published reports of deficits in linguistically oriented tasks were reviewed for both demented and nondemented Parkinson disease (PD) patients in a discussion of the question of whether PD affects language. Additionally, to illustrate the methodological problems inherent in evaluating linguistic competence, the performance on four linguistically oriented tasks of 12 PD patients who scored 8 or better on the Mental Status Questionnaire was compared to that of 32 age- and education-matched control subjects. These tasks, from which a composite variable representing performance was formed, were oral object description, story retelling, the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, and the Similarities subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS), a test of verbal associative reasoning. After controlling for the effects of disease severity, a significant effect was observed for the presence of PD. However, when the additional effects of performance on the Block Design subtest of the WAIS were controlled, the PD effect was of borderline significance. These results typify those in the literature, that is, whereas nondemented PD patients can be demonstrated to perform significantly more poorly on linguistically oriented tasks, the performance deficit cannot be conclusively demonstrated to result from a language deficit per se.

ISSN:0893-0341    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0893-0341    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0893-0341    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0893-0341    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0893-0341    

出版商:OVID    

年代:1990

数据来源: OVID