ISSN:0893-0341    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0893-0341    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

The objective is to study risk factors for Alzheimer disease (AD) in Istanbul, Turkey. This is a population-based case-control study. We screened people over age 70 in the community for cognitive impairment. The screen positives and a proportion of screen negatives underwent neurologic examination in the second phase. Cases were 57 “probable” AD patients and controls were 127 cognitively normal individuals identified by neurologic examination. Odds ratios (OR) were calculated using multivariate logistic regression analysis. Having a university/college degree had a protective effect on AD risk (OR = 0.10, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.02–0.50). Exposure to occupational electromagnetic field had an OR of 4.02 (95% CI = 1.02–15.78). Use of electricity for residential heating also showed elevated risk (OR = 2.77, 95% CI = 1.12–6.85). Our results suggest that having a higher education is protective from AD and that electromagnetic field exposure at work or at home is a significant risk factor.

ISSN:0893-0341    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0893-0341    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0893-0341    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0893-0341    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

As we enter the pharmacological era for the treatment of Alzheimer disease (AD), there is a growing urgency to diagnosis AD as early as possible. The ability to visualize the living brain with imaging techniques holds great promise in detecting the first lesions caused by AD and, because mapping the course of the disease over time is important for testing drug efficacy, imaging is potentially useful in drug development. In the last few years, we have been exploring imaging approaches designed to map AD's effect on the living brain. Here, these attempts will be reviewed, highlighting the advantages but also the potential pitfalls of imaging a dysfunctional brain.

ISSN:0893-0341    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Data from samples of adults selected to be representative of the U.S. population were examined to investigate issues related to the breadth and timing of age-related effects on memory and other cognitive functions. The results suggest that memory aging begins in early adulthood, that it overlaps with other aspects of cognitive aging, and that it can occur without accompanying increases in between-person variability. These findings imply that it is important to consider factors occurring early in life when attempting to understand the causes of memory and cognitive impairments apparent late in life.

ISSN:0893-0341    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

摘要:

Age-related memory impairment, a cognitive decline not clearly related to any gross pathology, is progressive and widespread in the population, although not universal. While the mechanisms of learning and memory remain incompletely understood, the study of their molecular mechanisms is already yielding promising approaches toward therapy for such “normal” declines in the efficiency of learning. This review presents the rationale and results for two such approaches. One approach, partial inhibition of the type IV cAMP specific phosphodiesterase, appears to act indirectly. Although little evidence supports an age-related decline in this system, considerable evidence indicates that this approach can facilitate the transition from short-term to long-term memory and thus counterbalance defects in long-term memory, which may be due to other causes. A second approach, inhibition of l-type voltage gated calcium channels (LVGCCs) may be a specific corrective for a molecular pathology of aging, as substantial evidence indicates that an ongoing increase occurs throughout the lifespan in the density of these channels in hippocampal pyramidal cells, with a concomitant reduction in cellular excitability. Because LVGCCs are also crucial to extinction, a paradigm of inhibitory learning, age-related memory impairment may be an unfortunate side effect of a developmental process necessary to the maturation of the ability to suppress inappropriate behavior, an interpretation consistent with the antagonistic pleiotropy theory of aging.

ISSN:0893-0341    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID

ISSN:0893-0341    

出版商:OVID    

年代:2003

数据来源: OVID