摘要:

AbstractThe Japanese Teratology Society (Nihon Senten Ijo Gakkai in Japanese, Congenital Anomalies Research Association of Japan in English until 1980) was founded in Tokyo on August 3, 1961, and in 1985, the 25th Anniversary of the Society was celebrated under the Presidency of Dr. Takashi Tanimura, who has served in the general affairs in the office since the beginning of the Society. Taking the opportunity to give the Presidential lecture at the 25th Annual Meeting held on July 11‐13, 1985, the past of the Society was looked back upon hoping to make it the foundation for the advance toward the 21st Century. Teratological researches before the establishment of the Society were reviewed and how the Society was officially formed was presented. Main events of activities of the Society were listed and data on general affairs, publication and papers presented at the Annual Meetings were summarized. The Japanese Teratology Society has been developed by the multidisciplinary cooperation of scientists in clinical and basic medicines as well as other natural sciences. It is stressed that we should more strengthen the international collaboration with Teratology Society in USA, European Teratology Society and other organizations through the International Federation of Teratology Societies to achieve the prevention of congenital anomalie

ISSN:0914-3505    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-4520.1985.tb00637.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn analysis of 1,103 fetal and postnatal deaths from spina bifida during 1969‐1975 is presented. The overall birth prevalence rate was 0.75 per 10,000 births and was slightly higher in the southwest than in the northeast of Japan. Social class variation in the prevalence rate during the period was studied. Geographical variation in the prevalence rate of spina bifida is not similar to that of anencephaly, whereas the social class variations in the prevalence rate of the two defects are simila

ISSN:0914-3505    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-4520.1985.tb00638.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe amount of refractive errors, visual acuity, fundus findings, age of onset and other relevant data were examined in 614 cases of myopia, at the Department of Ophthalmology in Juntendo University.Twenty‐seven per cent (27/100 cases) among high myopia (‐15.0D ± 7.5D) with typical chorio‐retinal atrophy and 20% (55/275 cases) of myopia (‐12.7D ± 6.4D) without typical myopic atrophy had onset at 4 yrs old or younger. However, there was no case whose age of onset was 4 yrs old or younger among 239 cases of myopia with 5D or weaker. All of them had onset in 7 yrs old or older.The average corrected visual acuity became worse as the patient became older, especially in 'high myopia with chorio‐retinal atrophy, it was (0.4‐0.5 already in childhood and about 0.2 in 40 yrs old or older). However, the corrected visual acuity in high myopia without typical myopic atrophy was kept comparatively good (about 0.7 in 40s or younger and 0.4 in 60s or older). Degree of myopia increased significantly by age, but stopped at around the 40s. These facts show that early age of onset of high myopia is v

ISSN:0914-3505    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-4520.1985.tb00639.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSingle dose of 0.6 or 1.2 mg/kg of rubratoxin B was administered intraperitoneally into the pregnant S1c: ICR mice on one day between day 6 and day 9 of gestation, and the fetuses were examined on day 18 of gestation. Gross malformations produced were neural tube defects, omphalocele, cleft palate, short or kinky tail, clubfoot and micromelia. Razor blade sections revealed dysgenetic hydrocephaly, microphthalmia, anophthalmia, renal hypoplasia, unilateral absence of kidney and uterine horn hypoplasia, ventricular septal defect (VSD) and apex bifida of the heart. Skeletal specimens showed dislocation, deformity, fusion, splitting or absence of vertebral bodies, fusion of vertebral arches, fused ribs, and scoliosis. Delayed ossification of axial and appendicular skeleton was also noted.The sensitive periods for the above rubratoxin B‐induced malformations were restricted in the beginning of organogenetic period. No rubratoxin B‐specific type of malformations was fo

ISSN:0914-3505    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-4520.1985.tb00640.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe most recent work from our own laboratory and also the. very large studies carried out by the FDA have clearly shown that caffeine has teratogenic effects in animals only when given in very high single daily doses. The doses necessary to produce teratogenic effects are of the order of one‐third the oral LD50 and usually produce other signs of severe maternal toxicity. Much larger daily doses if administered in divided doses or spread throughout the day in the drinking water, do not produce teratogenic effects. The teratogenic activity is dependent on the production of high peak blood levels probably around 60μg/ml or greater. Since such levels are never approached in humans even with high caffeine intakes, and on the basis of the available epidemiological evidence it would not appear that caffeine presents a teratogenic hazard for humans.The available animal evidence suggests that high concentrations of caffeine in the embryo may cause haemorrhages which could be the mechanism of action whereby it causes the palatal and digital defects which have been observed.Other actions of caffeine which have been observed in animal experiments have been reduction in fetal weight and associated retardation of ossification. These effects are seen with lower doses of caffeine than those causing teratogenic effects. The significance of these observations for humans is uncertain and is currently under investigati

ISSN:0914-3505    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-4520.1985.tb00641.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn order to analyze the role of enhancer sequence for the tissue‐specific and stage specific expression of immunoglobulin gene in normal diploid cells we have introduced cloned human y1 immunoglobulin genes into fertilized mouse eggs. Human y1 genes lacking enhancer sequence were not expressed in any tissues of transgenic mice. On the other hand human y1 genes containing enhancer sequence were expressed only in B lymphocytes. Levels of HIGI mRNA and percentage of human y chain producing cells in spleen cells were increased up to 50 times after treatment with lipopolysaccharide but not with Concanavalin A, suggesting B cell specific and regulated expression of HIGI gene. Human y chain producing cells were only found in the periphery of germinal center of the white pulp in histological section of the spleen suggesting stage‐specific expression. Human y chains appeared to be coupled with mouse light chains to form a complete IgG molecule and are secreted into cell supernatant. The production and secretion of endogenous immunoglobulin heavy and light chains in transgenic mice appeared to be the same as in normal mice. About one‐seventh of spleen cells that are producing endogenous mouse heavy chain produced human y1 chain at the same time. But no cell which produce only human y chain was observed. These results suggest that human γ chain expression had no effect on mouse immunoglobulin expr

ISSN:0914-3505    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-4520.1985.tb00642.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn vitro culture methods make it possible to manipulate mammalian embryos experimentally, and continuous observation of the developmental processes furnishes significant information for mammalian embryology. The advancement in the culture methods of the mouse embryos from the pre‐implantation through the limb bud stage is reported here, along with a description of one of the applied experiments of embryo culture from the pre‐implantation stage in the Chinese hamster.A few mouse embryos at the limb bud stage cultured for 10 or 11 days from the blastocyst stage were obtained, but the frequencies were very low. There is a barrier to assure further development in the stationary culture of mouse blastocysts till the formation of early egg cylinder. It was suggested that trophectoderm inhibited the development of inner cell masses by enveloping them, but embryos could not develop without trophectoderm afterwards. After the egg cylinder or primitive streak stage, the medium and gas around the embryos needed to be exchanged with rotation or shaking.Chinese hamster blastocysts could be cultured as late as the early egg cylinder stage with methods similar those employed with mouse blastocysts. Sonta (1982) has established several lines of Chinese hamster bearing various reciprocal translocations. Thus, one can obtain embryos with abnormal karyotypes from these parents. By cultivation of these embryos from the pre‐implantation stage, the present authors investigated the relationship between the developmental failures and the chromosomal abnormal

ISSN:0914-3505    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-4520.1985.tb00643.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFetoscopy has not been familiar in Japan, probably due to the low frequency of its major indicated disorders. Recently this technique is drawing the interest by its unique ability to approach to the fetus directly. In this circumstance, fetoscopy itself, the indications, the usage in fetal therapy, and fetal electrocardiogram as an expanded apprication of fetoscopy are presented.

ISSN:0914-3505    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-4520.1985.tb00644.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present study deals with the physiological significance of changes of the constituents with fetal development and establishes newer methods of diagnosing fetal disease and maturity. ABH(O) blood group substances as a genetic marker were studied and the substances in the amniotic fluid consistently matched the blood type and secretor status of newborn. No blood group substances were detected in non‐secretors. Moreover, A‐ and B‐ gene‐specific enzyme activities in the amniotic fluid were demonstrated to coincide with the newborn type regardless of the maternal type. Rh(D) antigen in the amniotic fluid also proved to be fetal in origin.Such markers as acid protease, amylase, disaccaridases and ultra violet absorbing constituents were demonstrated to be useful in diagnosising fetal maturity and/or an

ISSN:0914-3505    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-4520.1985.tb00645.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe congenital anomaly resulting from chromosomal aberrations is serious and well‐known. The incidence in newborn infants is estimated to be 0.5‐1% (WHO). In many cases the mechanism causing a chromosomal aberration is unknown. There appear to be the protective procedures. The procedure that fetal cells obtained by midtrimester amniocentesis could be grown in culture and karyotyped has opened a new area to genetic counseling for chromosomal aberrations. In the past 15 years, 949 pregnant women have undergone amniocentesis in our hospital. Most institutes now employ ultrasonography for examinations of the fetal position and the localization of placenta prior to amniocentesis. The use of this device remarkably reduced the incidence of fetal loss, and the amniocentesis appears to be safe and efficient. A discrepancy has been noted between the rates of chromosomal aberration by diagnosed at amniocentesis and the rates that would be expected from observation in live births. Multiple regression analysis was performed based on the personal informations of mother, providing what may be the risk factors for the recurrence of sibling with a non‐inhetrited chromosomal aberration.Recently, the technique to obtain chorionic villus in early pregnancy for the prenatal diagnosis of fetal defects, now being tested in the United States and Europe, may replace midtrimester amniocentesis within the next few years. The main advantage is that it can reduce the psychologic impact because emotional and physical stresses of a midtrimester abortion are serious problems. There are many possible approaches to obtain chorionic villus sample. Our experience has shown that biopsy forceps inserted via the cervix is most successful. The possibility was discussed that this may be developed in the future for clinical use as an alternative to amniocen

ISSN:0914-3505    

DOI:10.1111/j.1741-4520.1985.tb00646.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY