摘要:

AbstractData are presented on the 43 people who died over a 22‐year follow‐up period of a cohort of 128 heroin addicts drawn in 1969 from the newly opened London clinics. The main causes of death were drug‐related, with 18 deaths specifically determined as due to overdose, of which the great majority were among people being prescribed opiates at the lime. The mortality rate was a mean of 1.84% annually, and the excess mortality ratio was 11.9. This excess was highest at the beginning and varied over the period of study, appearing higher at the opening of the clinics and again in the mid‐1980s. No sex differences in mortality rates were demonstrated but the excess mortality wan concentrated at younger ages. No prediction of the 85 survivors could be made on the basis of length of heroin use prior to study intake, nor on age at

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03309.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWhile high risk drug‐related behaviors for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission among injection drug users (IDUs) are asserted to have declined over time in response to the AIDS epidemic, evidence from longitudinal cohorts has been sparse. In a cohort of 810 IDUs (442 seronegatives and 368 seropositives) in Baltimore, we identified drug‐related risk behaviors at four consecutive semi‐annual visits. Using robust methods for repeated measurements and multiple logistic regression, we estimated the probabilities of maintaining and reducing risk behaviors according to HIV serostatus and time in the study. Seropositive participants were more likely to maintain lower risk behaviors, and behavior maintenance increased with time in study for both seronegative and seropositive IDUs. Greater risk reduction (towards non‐use and not sharing injection equipment) was seen among seropositive IDUs, with behavior change occurring soon after enrollment in the study. While behavior changes have been reported, many active IDUs, especially those still at risk for acquiring HIV infection, have not adequately reduced their risk. Continuing prevention programs and efforts in vaccine development are imperative to reduce the risk of HIV infection amo

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03310.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe use of both licit and illicit drugs has been identified as a major health issue for Australian Aborigines. However, data on the proportion of people who use such drugs is scant. This cross‐sectional survey of a randomly selected sample of urban Aboriginal people provides information on the use of the drugs alcohol, tobacco, marijuana, cocaine, heroin as well as petrol sniffing. Overall, a significantly smaller proportion of Aboriginal people were found to be current alcohol drinkers compared to non‐Aboriginal Australians. A larger proportion of these drinkers were, however, found to be drinking at levels that were hazardous to their health. A significantly greater proportion of people from the Aboriginal sample were also found to be smokers compared to their non‐Aboriginal counterparts. An examination of the use of the illicit substances revealed that a greater proportion reported they had ever used marijuana, compared to the other substances. The findings are discussed in terms of their implications for the health of Aboriginal p

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03311.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03312.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03313.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03314.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY