摘要:

AbstractThe amount of ethanol consumed by chronic alcoholics in a Japanese slum area with persistent insomnia (n = 40) and those without it (n = 40) was compared using a questionnaire. For both groups, the present habitual consumption (PHC) of ethanol per day was most frequently between 60 g and 150 g and no difference was observed between the two groups. In contrast, the maximum habitual consumption (MHC) of ethanol per day throughout the alcoholic history was found to be greater for the insomnia patients than the non‐insomniacs (p<0.001). No difference between the groups was found in the kind of alcoholic drink consumed, with sake (Japanese rice wine) being the most popular in both groups. The results suggest that persistent insomnia in alcoholics is related to excessive alchol intake and persists even when drinking levels have falle

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03335.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA stubborn problem in alcohol epidemiology is that of standardization of unit of measurement. Consistent use of the ‘standard drink’ in research reports is hampered by difficulties in the assessment of the alcohol content of, particularly, self‐reported drinks. Alcohol content of a drink depends on strength of the beverage and volume of the glass or container from which the beverage is taken. Both factors vary considerably between times, regions and individuals. Interview protocols and questionnaires rarely take into account the fact that people consume alcoholic beverages from a large variety of glasses and containers. In the present study the common presumption is tested of equality of alcohol content of standard and self‐reported drinks. The test consisted of measuring the amount of wine, fortified wine and spirits people usually pour in the glass typical for the beverage type. The sample was drawn from the general Dutch population in 1985. The results show that on average self‐reported drinks taken at home contained more than the presumed standard (10 g per drink). The deviation was highest for spirits (+26%), followed by fortified wines (+ 14%) and host for wine (+4%). There seemed to be a positive relationship between deviation from ‘standard’ and strength of the alcoholic beverage. This result is in line with data on the coverage of sales data: aggregate, survey‐based spirits consumption shows the lowest coverage of sales. The effect of the difference between actual and presumed content of drinks on estimates of consumption is an overall increase of 7.5%, higher for women (+ 12%) than for men (+6%). Results are discussed with respect to the use of the concept of ‘standard unit’ in research protocols and health

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03336.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe aim of this study was to measure the prevalence of HIV infection and assess the level of equipment‐sharing and unsafe sexual activity among attendees at a Dublin needle exchange. Using an anonymous unlinked approach, attendees were asked to complete a brief questionnaire and provide a sample of saliva for HIV testing. Of the 144 attendees eligible for inclusion during the study period, 106 agreed to participate and complete a questionnaire, a response rate of 74%. Of the 81 respondents who submitted a usable saliva sample, 14.8% were HIV positive. Half of the respondents claimed that they had not shared equipment during the preceding 28 days, but a third had shared with multiple partners. Half of the respondents claimed that they had multiple sexual partners during the preceding year, but only a quarter said that they always used condoms. The prevalence of HIV infection is similar to that found in routine linked testing of drug users in Ireland. The high level of unsafe injecting and sexual activity makes clear the need for more effective health promotion among drug users in Dubli

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03337.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03338.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Book Reviewed in this articleYoung Offenders and Alcohol‐related Crime: A Practitioner's GuidebookMARY MCMURRAN&CLIVE R. HOLLINSubstance Abuse and Gang ViolenceRICHARD C. CERVANTES (Ed.)ABC of AIDS (3rd edn)MICHAEL ADLERAlcoholism and the FamilyS. SAITOH, P. STEINGLASS&M. A. SCHUCKIT (Eds)Women and TobaccoCLAIRE CHOLLAT‐TRAQHETTobacco in History. The Cultures of DependenceJORDAN GOO

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03339.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03340.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03341.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03342.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY