ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03299.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

In this occasional series we record the views and personal experience of people who have especially contributed to the evolution of ideas and practice in the journal's field of interest. Ove Fernö is the father of nicotine replacement therapy. He first conceived the idea of nicotine replacement as a strategy to help smokers stop in 1967 then researched and developed the idea until the first product licence was received in 1978 in Switzerland. Ove Fernö was born in Göteborg, Sweden in 1916, studied at the Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm from 1936–40, and worked for the pharmaceutical company, Aktiebolaget Leo of Helsingborg in Southern Sweden, from 1941–81. He was Director of Research and Development from 1946–1961, Vice President of Research and Development from 1961–1973, and Executive Vice President from 1973 until his retireme

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03300.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPatients with combined general psychiatric and addictive disorders are a major public health problem in the US, and are being increasingly recognized as such world‐wide. The authors describe a model treatment system for such patients in one municipal hospital in New York. It is composed of three complementary units: a locked ward, a halfway house and a day program. Treatment is based on a peer leadership approach coupled with professional treatment, and provides multiple levels of care to address the needs of respective patients. Of 464 admissions evaluated and treated, most were from disadvantaged minorities, homeless and abusers of cocaine. All were admitted with acute psychiatric or perinatal presentations, and carried Axis I diagnoses in addition to their substance abuse. Clinical experience over 6 years is reviewed, suggesting the feasibility of reorganizing general hospital psychiatric services to address the needs of the dually diagnose

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03301.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper gives a comparison of the approach of the US courts and of the Solicitor's Disciplinary Tribunal in England to disciplinary proceedings concerning lawyers suffering from alcohol dependence and/or depression. A richer case law in the USA indicates a more sophisticated approach, higher standards as to evidence and better support systems for lawyers in recovery. Useful lessons could be learned from the American experience and the experience of doctors and dentists by English lawyers.

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03302.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo surveys were conducted among pregnant women throughout England, before (n = 625) and after (n = 607) a mass media campaign on smoking and pregnancy targeted at women aged 15–24 years, in the social grade C2DE. The majority of the post‐campaign sample recalled having seen at least one of the campaign's series of press advertisements. There was a significant increase among this sample in those considering smoking to be very dangerous to the unborn child, in those understanding the term passive smoking and in those considering passive smoking to be very dangerous. During the campaign there was a 14% increase in the number of calls to a cessation helpline from pregnant women. Over the campaign there were no significant changes in smoking prevalence and consumption among pregnant women or partners or in the numbers of partners offering suggestions to pregnant women about their smoking behavi

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03303.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractData from a longitudinal study carried out in Dunedin, New Zealand, were used to investigate associations between alcohol consumption at age 18 years and alcohol‐related mass media communications recalled at ages 13 and 15 years. The respondents’ recall of alcohol‐related mass media material were categorized as: commercial alcohol advertising, alcohol moderation messages or the portrayal of alcohol in entertainment. An additional media variable was the number of hours spent watching television. Non‐media variables, such as peer approval of drinking, living situation and occupation (all at age 18 years) were also included in the analyses. The period between the interviews at ages 13 and 15 years saw an increase in the broadcast of commercial alcohol advertisements on television in New Zealand and this was reflected in an increase in the proportion of the mass media material recalled which was categorized as commercial advertising. At age 15 years television advertising, mostly for beer companies, was the predominant material recalled. No relationships were found between the commercial advertising and wine and spirits consumption, among either men or women, but young women who had watched more hours of television drank more wine/spirits. Among women there were two unexpected negative relationships between recall of alcohol in the media at age 13 years and beer consumption. However, among men there was a consistent positive relationship such that those who had recalled more alcohol advertisements at age 15 years drank larger quantities of beer at age 1

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03304.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe compared the parenting behavior of children of alcoholics (COAs) and non‐COAs within a sample of adolescent mothers. COAs and their children showed dyadic behaviors that were less problematic than those of their peers on mother‐child teaching interactions at 1 year of age, mother‐child interactions during structured play at pre‐school age and child attachment behavior at pre‐school age. COAs reported feeling relatively more rejection as compared to love from the alcoholic parent, but this was not related to their own parenting scores. Similar to other research, COAs reported more historical life stress, more family disruption and more drug use compared to non‐COAs, but these measures also were not related to parenting scores. These results suggest that, although adolescent mothers are at risk for parenting difficulties compared to adult mothers, adolescent COAs do not necessarily encounter more problems in parenting their own children compared to other adolesc

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03305.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationships between parental alcohol problems and risks of psychiatric disorders including substance abuse, conduct, attention deficit, mood and anxiety disorders were examined in a birth cohort of New Zealand children studied to the age of 15 years. This analysis showed that children exposed to alcoholic parents had risks of adolescent psychiatric disorders that were between 2.2 (95% Confidence Interval (CI) = 1.4; 3.3) to 3.9 (95% CI=2.40; 6.0) times higher than children whose parents did not report alcohol problems. After adjustment for a range of confounding factors these associations tended to reduce but even after adjustment, children of alcoholic parents had rates of disorder that were between 1.6 (95% CI = 1.1; 2.6) to 3.0 (95% CI= 1.8; 4.5) times higher than the offspring of parents who did not have alcohol problems. The analysis suggested approximately linear relationships between the extent of reported parental alcohol problems and risks of disorder. There was no evidence to suggest that, in general, males responded to parental alcohol problems in a way that differed from the response of females.

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03306.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe alcohol withdrawal syndrome is a common phenomenon in psychiatric hospital care. Not only treatment strategies, but also the evaluation of the syndrome, are discussed controversially. The most widely used instrument is the Clinical Institute Withdrawal Assessment‐Alcohol (CIWA‐A) and the succeeding CIWA‐Ar. We modified the CIWA‐A and translated it into German. Validity and reliability of the modified and translated scale were analysed by several psychological tests as well as different somatic measures in 31 patients. The German version appears to be a valid and reliable instrument for the assessment of alcohol withdrawal syndrome useful for clinical routine as well as treatment

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03307.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study presents mortality data from a 20‐year follow‐up of 99 married men with drinking problems. Party‐four of the sample had died and death certificates were obtained on 43. Cause of death was classified according to the Ninth Revision of the International Classification of Diseases. Most of the mortality excess was in the 45–54 year age group. The observed/expected mortality ratio was 3.64 for the group as a whole, 2.93 for the moderately dependent group and 4.41 for the severely dependent group. The commonest causes of death were carcinoma of the bronchus and diseases of the circulatory system. Cause of death was analysed in terms of years of life lost. The number of yean of life lost per death was highest for injury and poisoning. Only four of the 43 death certificates obtained mentioned “chronic al

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1994.tb03308.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1994

数据来源: WILEY