ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1080/09652149639655

出版商:Carfax Publishing Limited    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1996.91810892.x

出版商:Carfax Publishing Limited    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study investigates the influence of coping on the outcome of a relapse crisis for a sample of 125 treated alcoholics during the first 12 weeks following treatment completion. Both number and type of coping responses were examined. Results indicated that survival of a relapse crisis was most strongly related to the number of coping strategies used. Termination of a drinking episode was also related to number of coping responses. In addition, the type of coping strategy influenced survival, with the exclusive use of active coping strategies significantly associated with abstinence outcome compared with the exclusive use of avoidant strategies. Combining active and avoidant strategies appeared to be most effective for terminating a drinking episode. Results are discussed in the context of the cognitive‐behavioral model of relapse, the general literature on coping behavior and the findings of other relapse studie

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1996.91811013.x

出版商:Carfax Publishing Limited    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Pregnant injecting drug users were randomly assigned to: (i) individually receive a six‐session cognitivebehavioural intervention in addition to their usual methadone maintenance treatment (intervention condition (I) ( n = 40)); or (ii) their usual methadone maintenance treatment only (control condition (C) ( n = 40)). There was no change in drug use per se in either group after the intervention. However, at 9‐month follow‐up the I group had significantly reduced some HIV risk‐taking behaviours (in particular injecting risk behaviours). The I group reduced the needle risk associated both with "typical" use (drug use in the month before interview) and "binge" use (drug use in the month nominated as the heaviest month of drug use in the previous 6 months). The intervention had no effect on sexual risk behaviours. The finding of reduced injecting risk behaviour following the six‐session intervention suggests that such an intervention may be of benefit for individuals persisting with injecting risk behaviours despite methadone maintenance treatment and the availability of sterile injection

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1996.91811154.x

出版商:Carfax Publishing Limited    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Results are presented of a randomized field trial comparing two aftercare regimes, namely individual versus group delivery of a structured relapse prevention approach. Two addictions treatment programs (one a 12‐Step 26‐day residential program, the other an evening group counselling program) implemented structured relapse prevention in either group or individual format as part of the first three months of aftercare. Process measures (e.g. attendance, client satisfaction) indicated that both group and individual formats were delivered very successfully at both sites. Follow‐up rate at 12 months across both programs was 74%, and drinking and drug use at the 12‐month follow‐up was substantially less than use at entry into treatment. However, there were no significant differences in outcomes between individual and group delivery on any of the alcohol or drug use measures. Only one psychosocial outcome measure (social support from friends at 12‐month follow‐up) showed a significant difference for format and it favored the group format. These findings suggest some important directions for fu

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1996.91811275.x

出版商:Carfax Publishing Limited    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two hundred and sixty‐seven women were interviewed in a national survey examining the characteristics, treatment needs and treatment experiences of Australian women who had received treatment for their alcohol and other drug problems. More than half the women were mothers, of whom almost one‐third had surrendered custody of their children. Polydrug use was the norm among these women, who in general had substantial experience with the legal system. A sizeable proportion of women had experienced physical and psychological health problems such as hepatitis, eating disorders, self‐mutilation, suicide attempts and low self‐esteem. The majority of the sample had a life‐time history of physical or sexual violence. The implications of these findings are discussed and recommendations are provided for attracting and retaining women in appropriate

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1996.91811416.x

出版商:Carfax Publishing Limited    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Evaluations of drug education programmes focus on the effect on participating students. Although this is appropriate, where programmes are institutionalized the wider population impact should also be considered. This paper examines this argument and provides a practical methodology for examining programme impacts on populations. It illustrates this using the example of the Life Education (LE) programme ‐ a mature early intervention programme operating internationally ‐ on the Victorian (Australia) population of Year 6 schoolchildren. Data from a recent evaluation of Life Education in Victoria, Australia, were re‐analysed enabling estimation of adjusted attributable risk percentage (which provide an estimate of programme effect among those who are exposed to it), population prevalence estimates and population attributable risk percentage (which provide estimates of programme impacts on the entire population). In 1992 when the data were collected LE operated in 43% of all Victorian primary schools. The findings showed that within LE‐schools 43% of girls' and 35% of boys' recent smoking was attributable to participation in the LE‐programme. For drinking within LE‐schools, while there was no apparent effect on girls, the programme was associated with 40% of boys' recent drinking. When the data were extrapolated to the state‐wide smoking and drinking estimates, these showed that of all smoking among Year 6 schoolchildren, 25% of girls' and 19% of boys' smoking could be attributed to participation in Life Education, as could 22% of all boys' recent drinking. This re‐analysis showed there was no preventive effect associated with the programme, at either the school or the population level. The findings suggest that intervention programmes should be thoroughly evaluated prior to widespread implementation, and that such evaluations should include reference to the community‐wide impacts o

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1996.91811517.x

出版商:Carfax Publishing Limited    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

This study compared sons of male alcoholics (SOMAs) who had no problems with those who were abusing substances, those who had school problems, those who were delinquent and those who were multiproblem. Corresponding groups of non‐SOMAs were also included. Groups were compared at ages 6, 10, 12 and 14 years on teacher‐ and peer‐rated aggressiveness, hyperactivity, inattention, anxiety and prosociality; parent‐rated temperament; parents' disciplinary practices; school performance; family socio‐economic status; self‐reported substance (ab)use and delinquency; and school performance (from school records). Differences between SOMAs and non‐SOMAs were small. According to teachers and peers, no problem SOMAs and nonSOMAs were less aggressive‐oppositional, inattentive and hyperactive than problem SOMAs and nonSOMAs. These effects differed as a function of age, however. Also, no problem SOMAs and non‐SOMAs performed better in school than boys in the problem groups. We discuss the relevance of these findings for identifying factors that render children resilient and for early screening to select truly at risk SOMAs for pr

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1996.91811618.x

出版商:Carfax Publishing Limited    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Two types of benzodiazepine dependence have been described: high vs. therapeutic dose dependence. So far, no systematic research has been conducted regarding the frequency with which the various benzodiazepines are represented in one type or the other. In this study, 153 dependent patients using 14 different benzodiazepines were evaluated to assess the prevalence of their use among high vs. therapeutic dose dependants. Triazolam was the single drug most frequently used by high‐dose dependants, followed by Lorazepam. No significant differences were found among benzodiazepines regarding their use by therapeutic dose dependants. Our data shows that pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors appear to be related to the frequency with which the different benzodiazepines are used by high and therapeutic dose dependant

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1996.91811799.x

出版商:Carfax Publishing Limited    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Initiation into injecting is a crucial event for continued reproduction of an injecting drug using (IDU) population and for exposure to blood‐borne viruses, but little is known about how this happens. Three hundred young injectors were interviewed in Melbourne by peer workers within the first few years of beginning to inject, about the circumstances surrounding their initiation. Most had indications of social disruption, including having left school early, unemployment, family disruption, homelessness and incarceration. First drug injected was most often amphetamines (average age 16 years), most having already used amphetamines by a different route of administration, but with a steady movement thereafter to heroin as the drug of choice. The most common scenario was one in which injecting was unplanned but the person was active in bringing about the initiation. Most identified a significant other who initiated them (few of whom were dealers), and over half had subsequently initiated others into injecting, on average 0.6 per year; after 5 years 237 young injectors had initiated at least 420 others. Those who initiated multiple others were more likely to be unemployed, to inject multiple drugs and to have dealt. Modelling injecting as a communicable phenomenon, where appropriate, may help estimate population dynamics among IDUs. Peer education programmes are likely to be the most effective harm reduction approach among new injector

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1046/j.1360-0443.1996.918118710.x

出版商:Carfax Publishing Limited    

年代:1996

数据来源: WILEY