ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb00796.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb00797.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb00798.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb00799.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb00800.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper summarizes the major trends in the development of alcohol and drug treatment services in Ontario from 1979 to 1989. Data were obtained from all treatment services in the province by surveys undertaken in 1980, 1983, 1986 and 1989. Supplementary archival data are included on the use of American treatment programs by Ontario residents over a similar time period. Across the period of analysis, there has been a rapid increase in the number of alcohol and drug programs (130 to 217), their total cost ($44.4 million to $77.1 million) and the total treatment caseload (30356 to 61 622). With respect to different types of services, the largest growth in capacity has occurred for specialized assessment/referral centres. Use of short‐term residential resources within the province has risen slightly but this has been augmented by a rapid increase in the use of similar programs in the United States. Contrary to expectations from research evidence and provincial policy initiatives, only modest gains have been experienced with non‐residential treatment alternatives compared to the increases in availability and utilization of residential treatment progr

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb00801.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper examines the proposition that increased treatment for alcohol abuse and Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) membership can account for a large pan of the recent declines in cirrhosis mortality and morbidity. Data on treatment and AA membership in the USA between 1979 and 1987 and in Ontario between 1975 and 1986 are used, together with estimates of cirrhosis risk and the likely impact of treatment and AA membership. The results show that increased treatment levels and AA membership could account for all of the reductions in cirrhosis deaths and hospital admissions in Ontario. In the USA all of the deaths and about 40% of the admissions could be accounted for by these factors.

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb00802.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSelf‐reports on alcohol use collected via school‐based questionnaires, telephone surveys, and household interviews are central measures in many studies in the alcohol field. The validity of such self‐reports remains an issue. Use of biological pipeline procedures is one way in which the quality of self‐reports might be improved. The current study tested the effectiveness of a saliva test pipeline procedure in increasing drinking disclosure rates among adolescents in the sixth and eighth grades. Two sixth‐grade classes from each of 14 elementary schools (n = 828) and four eighth‐grade classes from each of 8 middle schools (n = 754) were selected. Half of the classes in each school were assigned to the pipeline condition and half to the control condition. Each student in the pipeline condition was asked to provide a saliva sample via dental roll before completing a questionnaire that all students (pipeline and control) received. Pipeline students were told that “some of the saliva we collect today will be tested in a laboratory and will provide a biological measure of alcohol use.” Sixth‐ and eighth‐grade students exposed to the alcohol procedure reported 5 to 7% higher alcohol use prevalences than students in the control group. While the pattern of improved reporting tinder the pipeline condition held across four alcohol‐use measures and two grade levels, the effect was statistically significant for only one measure. The pipeline procedures used here had small effects on adolescent self

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb00803.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe prevalence and correlates of benzodiazepine use and anxiolytic abuse and dependence are examined in a sample of 427 patients in Toronto, Canada, who met lifetime DSM‐III criteria for alcohol abuse or dependence. The patients were evaluated with the NIMH‐DIS and other standard psychiatric and substance abuse rating scales. Forty per cent were recent users of benzodiazepines and 20% had abused or been dependent upon anxiolytics, including benzodiazepines, during their lifetime. Patients with antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) were at higher risk for an anxiolytic disorder as were women and the unemployed. Recent users of benzodiazepines showed more current psychological distress, depressive symptomatology and more severe substance abuse problems than other patients and were more likely to have a lifetime DSM‐III anxiety disorder. Patients with anxiolytic disorders, even if ASPD was controlled for, showed more psychiatric impairment and drug abuse problems than the remaining patients. Of those with a positive urine screen, 46% did not report using benzodiazepines in the previous week. Nineteen per cent of the patients who did not report benzodiazepine use in the previous week had a positive urine screen and were more likely to be found in the detoxification

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb00804.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe authors collected data from 878 respondents at high risk of problem drinking and drunk driving and tested a hypothesis that stipulates problem drinking and high‐risk driving as two necessary conditions of drunk driving. Controlling for a number of alcohol and non‐alcohol‐related variables, the analysis shows problem drinking to have consistent and significant effects on repeat DWI offenses and on the frequency of self‐reported drinking‐driving events. High‐risk driving increases the frequency of self‐reported drinking‐driving. Males are more likely than females to be arrested for DWI, but there is no gender differences in self‐reported drinking‐driving. The authors further note a possible ‘suppress effect’ in that a negative relationship between DWI arrests and high‐risk driving is concealed by problem drinking. That is, problem drinkers with multiple DWI arrest records may drive more carefully than before so as to avoid further contact with the police and licensing authorities. Public policy implications of t

ISSN:0965-2140    

DOI:10.1111/j.1360-0443.1993.tb00805.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY