摘要:

AbstractInjuries to the head and spine, mostly from road accidents, accounted for 325 deaths in South Australia in 1977. Blood alcohol concentration (BAC), measured in 181 victims, was greater than zero in 47%, with a mean level of 0.16 gm/100 ml. Females were almost as likely to have been drinking as were males but their average BAC was about half that of the male victims. Almost one third of the drivers and motorcyclists who were killed had a BAC above .08. High blood alcohol levels were also observed among the suicide and homicide cases. Alcohol involvement did not vary markedly between urban and rural areas, neither was it associated in a meaningful way with survival time, the nature of the injury to the head or spine, or with the occurrence of a lucid interval between injury and death. Countermeasures directed at the role of alcohol as a causal factor in road crashes have the greatest potential to reduce the incidence of fatal head and spinal injuries. The development of such measures will be assisted by more complete reporting of blood alcohol concentrations.

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1984.tb00439.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFew of the many past studies of interpersonal differences in reaction to illness have investigated social determinants of convalescence, particularly with regard to convalescence from physical trauma. In this study a group of patients with uncomplicated nose fractures was followed closely from initial treatment at a large hospital in Denmark to self‐reported recovery. Rapid recovery among patients aged 15–26 was found to be associated with larger household size and higher socio‐economic status. Recovery time among patients aged 27–56 was not related to any of the social factors investigated in thi

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1984.tb00440.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA union survey of occupation‐related conditions in data process operators (DPOs) at the Melbourne Taxation Office revealed numerous ergonomic and environmental problems at the work site. Following industrial action because of the extent of occupation‐related injury, a medical examination of DPOs was undertaken by a joint management/ union team.A very high prevalence of occupation‐related morbidity amongst 122 DPOs was found: 26% had significant problems requiring medical attention, 18% had physical signs of injury but had not sought medical attention, 38% were symptomatic but without signs, and only 18% had no problems. In all severity groups neck and shoulder disorders were the most common, ***folllowed by epicondylitis (elbow), and finally tenosynovitis of the forearm, wrist or hand.It was concluded by the medical assessors that the high rate of occupation‐related disorders was a result of a combination of unfavourable ergonomic factors and high wor

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1984.tb00441.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMortality rates from 1922 to 1981 have been examined for various categories of peptic ulcer and various summations of disease categories. The analysis indicates that the differences in mortality rates between Queensland and the country as a whole are not great, thus there is some indirect evidence that analyses of Queensland data may also be applicable to Australia.Mortality rates in Queensland from 1965 to 1981 were examined in detail. It was found that mortality from peptic ulcer in this period has fallen, a trend observed in other countries such as Great Britain and the United States in recent years. There are some differences, however, such as rising mortality rates for some categories of ulcer for females. It is shown that there is a sex differential in peptic ulcer mortality.Trends in hospital separations for various categories of ulcer and peptic ulcer in general were examined. In the period 1969 to 1979 the rate of perforated peptic ulcer fell, indicating a falling incidence of peptic ulcer in Queensland. Data on the total separation rate for peptic ulcer show a decline through time.There appears to have been no impact of fibre optic endoscopy on the pattern of diagnoses of the relevant gastrointestinal disorders.

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1984.tb00442.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA survey was conducted over a two week period in 1982 of 1320 infants less than 12 months of age attending five different provider groups in three local government areas in outer Sydney. In all settings the mother was most often the person accompanying the infant. The infants seen by general practitioners, baby health sisters and generalist community nurses came from similar social and family backgrounds.Compared with these, a higher proportion of infants seen by paediatricians and casualty officers were the off‐spring of younger mothers and of poor socio‐economic background. These results are discussed in the light of changes in the Australian system of health care deliv

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1984.tb00443.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOver the past three years, Program‐Performance Budgeting (PPB) has been promoted in South Australia as an alternative means of reporting on Government expenditures to the State Parliament. Very detailed financial, manpower and descriptive data has been compiled on programs and presented and debated in Parliament as an adjunct to the traditional line estimates of the State budget. Within this framework, the South Australian Health Commission has been required to develop a program classification of State Government‐funded health services. In this paper, the development of this classification is summarized, its usefulness assessed and its longer‐term future disc

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1984.tb00444.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn outcome evaluation was undertaken of a booklet used as a supplement to nurses' guidance to mothers on the introduction of solids to infants. The study was based on a classical before and after design, including a control group. Measures were taken of knowledge, practice and preferred learning mode. Gains in knowledge and practice were significantly greater for the experimental group. Reductions in knowledge scores, where they were expected to increase, are discussed and a set of conditions thought to govern the effectiveness of health messages is offered.Despite prolonged use of pamphlets, posters, leaflets and booklets in public education few outcome evaluations of such educational aids have been published. The face validity of these aids is a powerful incentive for their continued use; furthermore, outcome evaluations are usually complex and expensive. In this study a booklet calledA Solid Start(dealing with the introduction of solid foods to imports) was chosen because —(a) the booklet was typical in style of many publications;(b) the topic of infant feeding ensured a ready supply of experimental subjects;(c) it was prepared in response to expressed needs (16 experienced nurses were asked what booklets mothers requested).(d) it was well developed, competently written and subjected to process evaluations before reaching its final stage;(e) it was anewbooklet, not distributed previously;(f) it dealt with a brief time period in chil

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1984.tb00445.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1984.tb00446.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSome of the current problems with health care in Australia are due to the reluctance of orthodox medicine to incorporate a behavioural science perspective into its biomedical fabric. This narrow view of medicine is partly maintained by the failure of the behavioural scientists to address themselves to the study of mainstream medical practice in Australian society.

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1984.tb00447.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1984.tb00448.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1984

数据来源: WILEY