ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1986.tb00091.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFamily structures and the behaviour of individuals within families is changing. Assessment of these changes is, in part, a reflection of values. Difference in value—orientations towards the family can be an important factor in interactions between professional workers and their patients or clients. This study reports on a survey of social workers' and general practitioners' attitudes towards different types of families and their suitability for child‐rearing. General practitioners were found to have a more traditional orientation than social workers, although both groups favoured the nuclear family model. Implications of value differences between professional workers and those who consult them are discus

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1986.tb00092.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThere are few comparative reviews to guide the choice of a health status measure. The appropriate measure in any study depends on the health outcome being considered. Outside of the context of a study the only criteria on which an instrument can be judged as ‘good’ or ‘poor’ are validity and reliability. Other characteristics which should be considered in choosing a measure of health status are: purpose; conceptual focus; operational approach; sensitivity; utility weighting; and amenability to quantitative manip

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1986.tb00093.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe biggest killer of young adults is road accidents, yet the enormity of the problem does not seem to impinge significantly on the public consciousness, mainly because perception of risk on the road is faulty. The way in which road accident data are conventionally presented does little to correct this misconception. In this paper, life table theory has been adapted to calculate the chance of a sixteen year old male being killed or injured in a road accident before the age of twenty‐five years. This statistic, one chance in five, can be understood more readily and personalized and used as a basis to correct faulty risk perceptions, which in turn will lead to greater acceptance of legislative and behavioural countermeasure

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1986.tb00094.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1986.tb00095.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA case‐finding survey was made of eight month old infants in attending routine hearing tests in a Victorian Shire. Capillary blood samples were taken and standard haematological indices assessed as well as free‐erythrocyte protoporphyrin levels. Only 1 child out of 148 tested had a Hb level below 10 g/dl and there was no evidence of lead toxicity. There was no relation between free‐erythrocyte protoporphyrin level and volume of daily cows' milk intake as reported by the m

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1986.tb00096.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe characteristics of 570 women attending a pilot cervical cytology clinic in Perth in 1984 and their past experience of cervical cytology and breast self‐examination (BSE) have been described. Attendance from the population in which the clinic was located was highest between about 35–39 and 60–64 years of age, in Australian‐born women and in women of high socioeconomic status. More than a quarter of those attending gave a preference for a female doctor or embarrassment as their reason for attending the clinic rather than their general practitioner (GP). Desire to attend a special interest clinic and convenience were other major reasons for attendance. Only about 40 per cent of women attending had had smears on average at three‐year intervals or more often over an “at risk” period between 25 and 70 years of age. At the time of attendance 65.8 per cent of attenders were defined as needing a cervical smear in that they had not had one since 1981 or had never had one. On this basis those most likely to need a smear were older women, those of low socioeconomic status, those who gave embarrassment as their reason for preferring the clinic to their GP and those who preferred a female doctor for the taking of a smear. There was evidence that a small group of women attended the clinic sooner, on average, after their last smear than others, because they had symptoms (11.5 per cent) or had had an abnormal smear previously (4.2 per cent). Overall, 13.2 per cent of women attending the clinic performed BSE monthly and 51.0 per cent did not do it at all. BSE was most commonly performed by women 35–

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1986.tb00097.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryLarge‐scale twin registers have been used in several countries for epidemiological studies of chronic diseases. They make possible an analysis of the health effects of environmental factors while genetic factors are controlled.A twin register comprising all live nuptial non‐Maori twins born in 1926 to 1935 in New Zealand was developed. The total number of multiple births was 2765 (with 2750 twin births) giving a multiple birth ratio of 1.1 per cent of live births. About one third each of the twin pairs were mixed‐sex, male and female pairs. After a multi‐stage record search process 1998 pairs had been traced to an address or a death record and an additional 580 pairs had one twin traced. The neonatal mortality rate for the twins was about 8 per cent, much higher than the 2.4 per cent reported for all births in 1930.The current addresses of the twins were searched in electoral rolls and a total of 1428 pairs where both are alive have been located. It is planned to collect base‐line environmental exposure data with an internationally agreed questionnaire and to follow‐up the mortality of the twins in

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1986.tb00098.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSixty aboriginal children aged 6 months to 5 years in central Australia participated in a double‐blind, randomized controlled trial of a 14‐valent pneumococcal vaccine. The study was run in parallel with a similar trial involving 1273 Adelaide caucasian children. The aboriginal children, by comparison, had lower baseline levels of pneumococcal antibodies, a lesser antibody response to vaccination and more commonly carried potentially invasive pneumococci. Whereas the Adelaide children had derived no measurable benefit from use of the vaccine, the available data in the limited aboriginal study suggest that vaccine recipients experienced some reduction in carriage of vaccine type pneumococci and, during an 18‐month period of follow up, experienced less respiratory infections than those who had received placebo. Although the numbers were small and randomization problematic, the consistency of the clinical and bacteriological findings and the seriousness of the problem of respiratory infections in aboriginal children, justify further efforts to investigate a possible role for routine pneumococcal immunization in aboriginal chi

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1986.tb00099.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIncidence rates and death rates for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) were compared in New South Wales and Queensland to investigate whether changes in death rates were correlated with changes in incidence rates. The incidence of AMI was 1.9 per cent higher for males and 14.9 per cent lower for females in Queensland than in New South Wales. Differences in age‐specific incidence rates paralleled differences in age‐specific death rates, suggesting that observed changes in death rates may reflect changes in incidence, rather than case‐fatality. Risk factor patterns are broadly similar between the two states, apart from the prevalence of cigarette smoking which, like the incidence of AMI, is higher in males and lower in females in Queen

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1986.tb00100.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY