ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1986.tb00108.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe medical task itself needs to be examined and re‐defined so that medicine can become but one of several social responses required to raise health status. Dominant now is a clockwork model which defines illness in terms of specific causes located inside the individual. In contrast, social medicine has been the poor relation, despite strong evidence that past and present mortality patterns are strongly influenced by key social factors. The major forces working for or against a social model of medicine are outlined. The paper concludes with a summary of some of the questions to which a resurgent social medicine might address itsel

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1986.tb00109.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe National Community Health Accreditation and Standards Project (CHASP) has developed and tested a set of standards and a review process for community health that can be used in different States of Australia. The CHASP model was designed to provide an effective method of evaluation and quality assurance, that could assist in narrowing the gap between community health rhetoric and reality. The CHASP standards system and review process can be used as guidelines for relating goals to practice, as an evaluation method, to inform policy and as the instruments for a national accreditation system for community health. This paper describes the Project's goals, methods, fieldwork and conclusions.

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1986.tb00110.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1986.tb00111.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper reports on five families whose parents described the stress arising from their child's disability and the additional stress and reward of participation in a Conductive Education program. The reports support the Conductive Education thesis, that children with physical disabilities respond well to integrated management which weaves medical insights and therapeutic practice into the fabric of daily life through a program which has an educational rather than a therapeutic bias. Parents also appreciate personal support from a non‐intimidating, professionally comprehensive resource. An attempt was made to identify the elements which produced parental self‐confidence and family cohes

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1986.tb00112.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper reports the levels of stress experienced by registered and student nurses in a large metropolitan teaching hospital. A scale measure of current stress was developed and its psychometric properties assessed. Similar scale measures were constructed for the independent variables: nurses' personal attributes and perceived stressors. There was a symmetric distribution of stress scores and further analyses focused on the approximate 30% of nurses at the “high stress” end of the scale, assumed to be experiencing excessive stress. High stress was strongly associated with feeling poorly, poor self‐worth, dissatisfaction with social supports, feeling worse as pressure builds up and dissatisfaction with own coping. The particular stressors affecting registered and student nurses, respectively, were identified.In addition, lack of responsiveness of the nursing and medical managements affected stress among Registered Nurses (RN's), while lack of status in the medical team and job overload were significant stressors of Student Nurses (SN's). The risk of being highly stressed, given the presence of various personal attributes and job stressors, was estimated using logistic regression. Stress levels in different areas of the hospital were compared, and the personal and job stressor factors that most accounted for the high levels of stress in different areas were ident

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1986.tb00113.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe contribution alcohol makes to traffic crashes is the focus of considerable public and political concern. Popular responses concentrate on the individual drinker and driver: the preferred solution of the alcohol industry is an exclusive focus on information based education; however, there is public support for enforcement of breath analysis legislation. Such enforcement has had positive effects on fatal accident rates in both Australia and New Zealand.Current emphasis on individual‐based strategies excludes broader structural changes, such as taxation changes, which affect ease of access to alcohol for the population as a whole. Controls over access to alcohol have some empirical support as methods to prevent alcohol‐related problems, including alcohol‐related traffic crashes.The individual focus is open to criticism on the grounds of being both relatively less cost effective and of victim‐blaming. Structural changes should be considered as complementary to effective individual focus strategies such as well publicised enforcement of breath a

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1986.tb00114.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe welfare state has come under increasing scrutiny, especially in relation to the efficiency and fairness with which it delivers key human services such as health care. The paper mounts a preliminary investigation of such issues in the context of the delivery of primary medical care in New Zealand.The study is based on a 1 per cent sample of all general practice visits in the Hamilton Health District over a period of a year. The data are presented only for employed males in the 15–64 age group.Manual workers and the Maori visit the general practitioner more frequently for all illness conditions, for certain predicted groups of illnesses, and for more severe health problems. There is also evidence of a social class/ethnic group interaction effect. However, the extent of these disparities in utilisation are less marked than those indicated by epidemiological measures of need based on mortality dat

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1986.tb00115.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe South Australian cancer problem is described using data notified to the State Cancer Registry. Patterns of incidence and mortality are described for both sexes and various cancer types.About 5,410 South Australians (0.4%) are likely to be experiencing an intense need for cancer‐related services either because of recently diagnosed disease or imminent cancer death. The crude prevalence of cancer cases will tend to increase by about a quarter in South Australia in response to demographic changes in the last 15 years of this century. The extent to which this increase may be modified by age‐sex‐specific trends in the incidence of various cancers is important and is the subject of a further

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1986.tb00116.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

SummaryThis paper reports an assessment of environmental and sanitary conditions which was undertaken in the Kingdom of Tonga following Hurricane Isaac in 1982. The report may serve as an illustration of the information which can be collected and collated by a developing country after a natural disaster. An objective evaluation of post‐disaster conditions was achieved, providing information on areas of need and for decision making. Useful questions were also raised concerning the tendency to respond routinely when disaster situations called for innovation and flexibilit

ISSN:0314-9021    

DOI:10.1111/j.1753-6405.1986.tb00117.x

出版商:Blackwell Publishing Ltd    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY