ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700190202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper uses information on occupation and industry routinely collected in a state‐based cancer registry to assess potential associations between work place exposures and cancer incidence. Industry‐specific proportional cancer incidence ratios (PCIR) were calculated by race and sex for all individuals and for white males with blue‐collar occupations. Expected numbers of cancers were derived both from cancers occurring among all occupations and just among blue‐collar occupations. This latter analysis was done as a control for differences in the prevalence of life‐style habits between blue‐ and white‐collar workers.Increased lung cancer PCIR were seen in most industries previously reported to be associated with lung cancer risk. The effects of socioeconomic status on these results are discussed. Other results include an increased ratio of melanoma in blue‐collar white male rubber and plastic product workers, an increased ratio of non‐Hodgkin's lymphomas in motor vehicle manufacture workers, and an increased PCIR of chronic lymphocytic leukemia in general construction workers. Uterine cancer was increased in proportion in white females for a number of industries including rubber and plastic product manufacture, apparel manufacture, and electrical equi

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700190203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractData on the health effects caused by locally mined chrysotile asbestos in Zimbabwe have been very limited. The prevailing local view has been that risk is minimal. In this report we critically reassess the cases of 51 individuals with asbestos exposure who have been compensated by the Central Pneumoconiosis Bureau since independence in 1980. Results demonstrate that the major health risks of exposure reported elsewhere—morbid asbestosis, nonmalignant pleural disease, malignant mesothelioma, and lung cancer—all occur in Zimbabwe, at least among workers in the asbestos mines and mills. It is concluded that further investigation and control measures in the industry are warran

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700190204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAs part of the effort to establish industrial practice and public policy regarding asbestos in Zimbabwe, we have conducted a cross‐sectional study of the chrysotile mines and mills. A stratified random sample of workers with greater than 10 years of exposure has been evaluated by spirometry, chest radiographs, and employment history. The latter was converted to quantitative estimates of exposure dose, using a matrix based on measured and reconstructed fiber levels for each job and facility during the years of work. Based on these data, a clear dose‐response between asbestos exposure and functional loss has been demonstrated, with mean losses from predicted of about 400‐600 cc in vital capacity in the 10% of the population with heaviest exposures. Low‐grade parenchymal radiographic abnormalities (ILO grade ≥ 1/0) were evident in 8.7% of the total study group and were almost 10 times more common in those with more than 100 fibers/cc.years cumulative exposure than in those with 16 fibers/cc.years or less. Pleural disease was relatively rare, occurring in just under 10% of the study group, and was unrelated to exposure dose. Overall, these findings are compatible with results of similar studies in Quebec and Swaziland and suggest that similar control strategies are probably

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700190205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA study of lung cancer among workers at an electric arc steel making operation was performed to follow up on the observation of a lung cancer cluster in the melt shop of another plant. The study group comprised 335 deceased men identified from plant records. Eight of thirty men who had ever worked in the pouring pit area died of lung cancer (PMR 276; p ≤ 0.01), but increased risk was not found elsewhere in the melting department. There was a significant trend in lung cancer risk with the length of employment in the pit area during a time window 18‐30 years before death. Smoking data suggested that smoking alone could not account for the increased risk. An industrial hygiene assessment found present exposures to carcinogenic metals and silica to be within current guidelines. No polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons were detected. This is the second steel plant for which we have found increased lung cancer risk in the pouring areas. The causative factors have not yet been identif

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700190206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo evaluate the respiratory consequences of working in poultry confinement units, we completed a cross‐sectional epidemiologic study of respiratory symptoms and pulmonary function in 59 chicken catchers. The results were compared to a published reference standard of nonexposed blue‐collar workers. Chicken catchers reported a high rate of acute symptoms associated with work in poultry houses. They also reported statistically significant higher rates for chronic phlegm (39.0%) and chronic wheezing (27.1%) than nonexposed blue‐collar workers. Chicken catchers had significant decrements over a work shift in forced vital capacity (−2.2%) and forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (−3.4%), and there was suggestive evidence that they had decreased preshift pulmonary function compared with nonexposed blue‐collar workers. These results indicate that chicken catchers are at risk for respiratory dysfunction and emphasize the need to develop measures to minimize their exposure to respiratory toxicants in poultry confin

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700190207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSix cases of silicosis in workers involved in the processing of semiprecious gem stones have been seen in our clinic since 1976. They had been employed as stone sculptors in lapidaries where they processed tiger's‐eye, rose quartz, amethyst, quartz crystal, and a variety of other locally occurring semiprecious stones. In five of the cases, exposure was in small and poorly regulated lapidaries without specific dust control measures. The sixth was detected during the course of a health and hygiene survey (including dust sampling) that was conducted in one of two lapidaries still operating in our area. Progressive massive fibrosis (PMF) or accelerated silicosis was noted in four of the six cases, three of whom had progression of their disease after cessation of exposure. With the development of PMF, the initial restrictive pulmonary function abnormalities were followed by steadily worsening airflow obstruction. Lung biopsies confirmed silicosis in three cases. Tuberculosis was confirmed in two cases and suspected and treated in a third. Workmen's Compensation was awarded in five cases. The survey confirmed that in semiprecious gem stone processing, the risk of silicosis appears to be confined to stone sculptors. Tried and proven techniques of general and local exhaust ventilation combined with water or oil to control dust at source were capable of effectively reducing dust emission to acceptable level

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700190208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractReactions during the Abduction External Rotation (AER) test were studied among 71 platers and 70 assemblers exposed to vibratory tools and manual work and 45 unexposed white collar workers. The frequency of positive neurological reactions was 31% among the platers, 6% among the assemblers, and 16% among the white collar workers. Platers reported the highest fatigue rates in the shoulder regions during the test. A positive association was noted between a pathological AER test and current problems in the neck/scapula or shoulder/upper arm regions, day‐ or night‐time numbness in the hands, tension neck, and carpal tunnel syndrome. Age, length of daily vibration exposure, and vibration acceleration level were also positively associated with a positive AER test outcome. The results indicate that the outcome of the AER test is sensitive to neck and shoulder disorders but also, to some extent, to the carpal tunnel syndr

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700190209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes an application of the time windows method to an examination of the temporal pattern of lung cancer risk among steel workers. Case‐control methodology was utilized. The cases were 36 men who had died of lung cancer and the controls were 289 men who had died of any other cause. The number of years of employment in the steel pouring area was used as a surrogate measure of exposure. The data were examined by contingency table analysis and by logistic regression, which permitted adjustment for exposures in multiple time windows and the use of continuous, rather than categorical, measures of exposure. It was found that lung cancer risk was associated with exposures occurring between 18 and 30 years before death. It cannot yet be determined whether this time course reflects a biological response or the temporal pattern of exposure to an as yet unidentified toxic agen

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700190210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700190211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1991

数据来源: WILEY