ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700020402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAuditory reaction time (RT) was examined on a day free from work and on a working day in 54 workers exposed to organic solvents and in 28 unexposed workers. Medical and occupational history was recorded and neurological examination and psychological testing carried out to establish quantitative parameters of exposure and cerebral function.There was a wider 95% range of the RT in the exposed group compared to the control group on the working day and a tendency in the same direction on the day free from work. There was no difference in the means of the RT, or within the groups between the examinations on the two days.The increased RT 95% range is interpreted as indicating an impaired ability in the exposed workers to maintain their attention during the experimental period, owing to chronic exposure of organic solvents.RT measurements did not correlate with exposure or psychological performance.RT would seem to be a means of measuring subclinical effects of exposure to organic solvents.

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700020403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe primary objective of this study was to evaluate the cadmium (Cd) levels measured in scalp hair as a potential predictive index of the body burden of Cd. In vivo measurements of kidney and liver Cd along with hair, blood, and urine Cd levels were obtained in 29 industrially‐exposed workers and ten control subjects. The relationship of hair Cd levels to the Cd values for the kidney, liver, blood, and urine were tested using nonparametric analyses. In the control group no statistically significant correlations were found. In the Cd‐exposed workers with more than one year of employment there were weak correlations (p ≤ 0.05); however, the relationships were not sufficiently quantitative for predicting the status of an individual worker. Furthermore, when workers with less than one year of exposure were included in the analysis, no significant correlations were obtained. Although this latter group of workers had low body burdens of Cd, exceptionally high Cd concentrations were found in their hair ‐ an observation that was unexpected. It was concluded that hair Cd levels are not a good index of body burden of Cd in the industrially‐exposed i

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700020404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBased on the history of the growing awareness and recognition of ailments associated with the manufacture of cotton, it is concluded that recognition of byssinosis in the United States came late. In the American south byssinosis existed in an industry and within a social framework that helped to retard the acceptance of byssinosis as an undesirable but controllable disease. As late as the 1960s, United States medical opinion declared the disease nonexistent in American textile mills. In 1970, the scientific community showed that byssinosis existed in the United States. Mobilization of public opinion, changes in social attitudes, new scientific evidence, and the Occupational Safety and Health Act led to the setting of a standard to control and eradicate byssinosis. Controversy and debate over policy have brought the impact of scientific, sociopolitical, and economic inputs into health policy decisions, the altering perceptions of hazard, and the continually changing definition of risk into focus.

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700020405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe role of ambient sound level in longevity, cause of death, and incidence of disease was investigated in rats. Two hundred twenty‐seven rats (154 Sprague‐Dawley (N), 73 spontaneously hypertensive Wistar (SH)), were housed in three sound isolated boxes and subjected to controlled acoustic milieus from approximately three months of age until their natural death. Thirty‐nine of the N rats were kept as external controls in a regular animal room. In one of the boxes, no noise was introduced (control). In the other two, the rats were exposed, respectively, to a frequency‐modulated, chopped noise with an equivalent level of 80 dB Leqand 100 dB Leq, ten hours daily. It was found that the SH animals had a shorter life span and a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease than the N rats but a lower rate of malignant tumors. No measurable effects on life span or total incidence of disease were seen. Minor differences in incidence of various disease entities were observed but were not consistent across groups. The results do not support the hypothesis that physical sound environment represents a significant cause of somatic

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700020406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

Abstract1.2‐Propylene glycol dinitrate (PGDN), a nitrated ester found in the torpedo propellant Otto Fuel II, has been suspected of causing neurologic and cardiovascular effects. This study evaluated the possible acute and chronic neurophysiologic toxicity of PGDN in U.S. Navy torpedo facilities. The test procedures included a medical and occupational history, neuro‐opthalmologic examination, and quantitative tests of both oculomotor function and ataxia. A study population of 87 workers chronically exposed (CE) to PGDN during torpedo maintenance procedures was compared to a group of 21 controls (CON). Although workers often complained of vascular effects (headaches, nasal congestion), no evidence of chronic neurotoxicity was found, even among a subgroup of workers (CESUB) with the longest total duration of exposure.To detect possible acute effects, 29 subjects from the study group were tested before and immediately after PGDN exposure during a torpedo maintenance procedure or turnaround (TA). These personnel had a statistically significant decline in saccade velocity and a prolongation of saccade delay time, even though most peak airborne concentrations of PGDN were well below 0.2

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700020407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700020408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700020409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700020401

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1981

数据来源: WILEY