ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700030402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe standards for pollutants in workplace air constitute a social consensus or agreement about acceptable levels of occupational hygiene. This agreement to exposures up to these limits inevitably includes a finite risk to the health of the workers. The numeric values of standards are needed to assess the requirements for ventilation and other occupational hygiene conditions. Planning and everyday practice in industry also need hygienic stan‐ dards so that practical hygienic and safety measures can be maintained. These standards are not, however, levels below which there is no risk to health. While the hygienic stan‐ dard itself carries acceptance of a certain risk, doctors cannot ethically accept any health risk to workers whatever the source of exposure. Thus personnel working in occupa‐ tional health have to think about the risks of ill health even when the hygienic standards are met. The physician in occupational health has to be especially concerned to discover and estimate the risks to anyone particularly susceptible to exposures within the hygien‐ ically acceptable conditions. To do this, the occupational health physician uses medical examinations and specific investigations. In the follow‐up of workers, health occupa‐ tional health personnel use medical examinations in order to detect possible risks or to assess the general health status of individual workers. Health examinations are also used to detect specific injuries caused by the agents to which workers are known to be exposed in

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700030403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe clinical and neuropsychiatric features of seven workers from the grain storage industry are described. All were exposed to fumigants, especially carbon disulfide and malathion. Clinical manifestations included cogwheel rigidity, resting and action tremor. peripheral neuropathy, pyramidal tract signs, an EEG pattern of sleep apnea, and characteristic measurable neurobehavioral dysfunction. Similar signs and symptoms due to carbon disulfide exposure in the viscose rayon industry strongly supported the conclusion that these grain storage workers were suffering from carbon disulfide poisoning. Malathion exposure probably had a contributing role. We conclude that exposure to these fumigants poses a serious occupational risk to the nervous system.

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700030404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn this case‐control study the detailed employment histories of 121 rubber plant employees who died of lung cancer from 1964 through 1973 were compared to those of 448 plant employees (controls) who died of other causes during the same calendar period. All subjects were white male hourly employees. Lung cancer cases and controls were matched individually on year of birth and year of first hire at the plant. Results of matched analyses indicated that there was no association between lung cancer mortality and employment in either rubber compounding and mixing jobs or curing jobs. Men who had worked for at least five years in rubber reclaim operations, where there was potentially heavy exposure to particulates and fumes, experienced a twofold increase in lung cancer risk. In addition, there was a 70% excess of lung cancer risk among men employed in making special products, where the primary production activity was fuel cell manufacturing. The latter two findings were marginally statistically significan

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700030405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFifty‐one workers in 10 small, neighborhood autobody repair shops were screened for lead toxicity using blood zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) levels and work history questionnaires. Those with high ZPP levels (greater than 50 μg/dl) had further studies, including blood lead determinations. The shops were dusty with ground putty dust (lead‐free) and paint spray (lead content range 0–40%). Thirteen (26%) workers had mildly elevated ZPP levels (all were full‐time sander/sprayers) though few had symptoms and none had elevated blood lead levels. Eighteen controls, workers in other occupations, had normal ZPP levels. Air monitoring during inactive periods failed to reveal high lead levels (range 0–28 μg/m2). These data suggest that workers in autobody repair shops are at risk of lead toxicity but the exposure and biologic effects are less than in many other industries that u

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700030406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThirty‐six histologically confirmed cases of pleural and peritoneal mesothelioma have been observed in a chest unit over a period of 53 months. The past asbestos exposure was assessed by a standardized questionnaire in all cases and the asbestos lung burden was determined by means of mineralogical analysis of lung‐related biological specimens (sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, lung tissues) in 28 cases. The results of these two methods were found in good agreement. Past asbestos exposure has been definitely implicated in 17 cases and definitely eliminated in 10 cases. The results were nonconclusive in other cases. The group with definite past asbestos exposure was different from the nonasbestos‐exposed group by clinical, biological, pathological, and prognosis features that were analyzed. In cases without past asbestos exposure there were no other possible causative agents. Younger age and similar incidence in men and women suggest an environmental or natural di

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700030407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSilica is not generally considered to be a carcinogen, however, occupations characterized by high exposure to crystalline silica have excessive rates of lung cancer mortality. Respiratory cancer excesses have been reported from North America and from Europe for the following dusty trades in which exposure to silica is a common factor: iron and steel foundry workers, steel casting workers, sand blasters, metal molders, nonuranium miners, and ceramic workers. These findings have been reinforced by two reports from the Swedish Pneumoconiosis Register and the Ontario Ministry of Labor indicating that silicotics have statistically significant risks of lung cancer mortality. Animal studies suggest that silica can be an initiating carcinogen or can act as a cocarcinogen or promoter when combined with benzo(a)pyrene. We propose three candidate hypotheses and two pathways for silicocarcinogenesis.

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700030408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA five‐year total community study of lung cancer incidence by occupation revealed that 1) virtually all the cases occurred in smokers; 2) all major histologic types of lung cancer were strongly associated with smoking behavior; 3) in most high‐risk occupations the significant elevations of risk were limited to one or two histologic types, a specificity suggestive of the importance of workplace carcinogen exposure; and 4) both sensitivity and specificity of the search for occupations with lung cancer hazards were greatly increased by use of histologic type rates rather than total lung cancer rates. The epidemiologic differences among histologic types suggest that the lung cancers might be a group of neoplastic diseases which share a major risk factor (smoking) in common but which differ in respect to exposure to other carcinogens. Eventual control of our lung cancer epidemic will require the allocation of much greater resources to documentation of the occupational ri

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700030409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700030410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700030411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY