ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700160302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe mineral fibers in lung tissue samples of 19 mesothelioma patients and 15 randomly selected autopsy cases were analyzed using low‐temperature ashing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and x‐ray microanalysis. The fiber concentration ranged from 0.5 to 370 million fibers per gram of dry tissue in the mesothelioma group and from<0.1 to 3.2 million fibers per gram of dry tissue in the autopsy group. In 80% of the mesothelioma patients and in 20% of the autopsy cases, the fiber concentration exceeded 1 million fibers per gram of dry tissue. Amphibole asbestos fibers predominated in both groups, and only a few chrysotile fibers were found. In the lungs of six mesothelioma patients, anthophyllite was the main fiber type. The overall analytical precision of sample preparation and fiber counting with SEM was

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700160303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn 20 workers studied before, during, and after exposure to triethylamine (TEA) in a polyurethane‐foam producing plant the amount of TEA and its metabolite triethylamine‐N‐oxide (TEAO) excreted in urine corresponded to an average of 80% of the inhaled amount. An average of 27% was TEAO, but with a pronounced interindividual variation. Older subjects excreted more than younger ones; less than 0.3% was excreted as diethylamine. The data indicate half‐lives for TEA and TEAO excretion in urine of about 3 hr. The postshift level of TEA in urine and plasma are good indicators of the time‐weighted average air level during the preceding work day, and might thus be used for biological monitoring. An air level of 10 mg/m3(proposed occupational standard) corresponds to a urinary excretion of 65 mmol TEA/mol creatinine and a plasma level of 1.9 μmol/liter (biological exposur

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700160304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAs a part of a Family, Work, and Health Survey, we analyzed corporate practices regarding reproductive hazards in the chemical and electronics manufacturing industries in Massachusetts. Over half of the 198 firms surveyed had at least one of four designated reproductive hazards in use. Among these firms, 57% provided information on reproductive risks to employees. Nearly 20% of companies excluded certain classes of workers from substances, work areas, or occupations on the basis of reproductive health concerns. Another 13% offered voluntary transfers to workers concerned about reproductive risks. With one exception, all restrictions and transfers applied to women only–‐even when scientific evidence supports potential reproductive risk to both sexes. Analysis of corporate practices by industry type, and size, gender stratification, and unionization of the workforce was carried out. Results of the survey raise important public health concerns about corporate practices that may restrict women's job opportunities on the basis of reproductive status while underprotecting the health of male work

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700160305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper describes mortality in a cohort of 324 men exposed to chrysotile asbestos and coal tar pitch used in the manufacture of electrical conduit pipe from a mixture of newsprint, bentonite, and asbestos. One death in a factory worker was attributed to pleural mesothelioma, and long‐term employees experienced an increased risk of lung cancer (Standardized Mortality Ratio (SMR) 221; six deaths) and non‐malignant respiratory disease (SMR 215; four deaths). In a case‐control analysis, men whose jobs involved adding asbestos to the mix of raw materials were found to have a risk of lung cancer sevenfold higher (lower 95% confidence limit: 2.3) than men who had never worked at this job. Exposure to coal tar pitch is presumed to be responsible for the death of one worker from squamous cell carcinoma of the sc

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700160306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSpirometric lung‐function measurements were conducted 5 days before and after the work shift of 11 welders of zinc‐coated steel, ten nonwelders who were indirectly exposed to welding fumes, and 17 controls. The exposure to dust and zinc of all participants was monitored personally using PAS‐6 samplers. Geometric mean concentrations for welders were 0.91 mg/m3(dust) and 34.0 μg/m3(zinc).Cross‐sectional analysis of Monday morning values showed no differences in lungfunction parameters between groups. However, the number of years the participants were engaged in welding was of borderline statistical significance and correlated negatively with values of FEV1and FEV1/FVC. Changes in lung function over a work shift or a working week were not related to the exposu

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700160307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractPhosphate mining and processing is a major industry in Jordan. In this study of 56 workers in this industry, there was significant occurrence of cough, chronic bronchitis, and abnormal spirometry among smokers (p<0.1). There was no correlation between the spirometry, A‐aDO2, and chest x‐ray changes in this occupational group. Smoking was noted to be more detrimental to these workers than was their occupational exposure. Many parameters must be examined when evaluating this pneumoconio

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700160308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe diagnostic value of simple exercise testing was examined in 81 current male asbestos‐cement workers, divided into four groups according to the International Labour Office (ILO) category of irregular opacities: 0/0, 25; 1/1, 24; 1/2, 22; and 2/2, 10 men. An increasing X‐ray score was accompanied by more severe functional abnormality in keeping with the development of a restrictive defect. Symptom‐limited oxygen uptake (VO2SL) did not depend on the X‐ray grade and was 76.7, 71.9, 68.7, and 73.5% pv, respectively, for the four groups. Subjects with ILO score 1/1 had significantly higher exercise ventilation at O2uptake of 1.01 · min−1(VE 1.0) than those with grade 0/0. End‐exercise tidal volume (VTSLin 1) decreased with an increasing X‐ray score: 2.14, 1.98, 1.85, and 1.62, respectively. VTSLstandardized for vital capacity (VTSL/VC) followed the same pattern. Asbestosis was diagnosed in 25 men, in whom VE 1.0was significantly higher (p<.02) and VTSLlower (p<.01) than in the 0/0 group. V02SLwas similar in both groups. The findings suggest that VE 1.0and VTSLmay be early functional indicators of asbestos‐related interstitial lung fibrosis. The measurement of both exercise indices may increase the certainty of clinical diagnosis of asbestosis in subjects with less

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700160309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCurrent changes in technology and in economic, social, and demographic trends must be taken into account in the formulation or reformulation and implementation of policies and programs for the prevention and control of occupational disease and dysfunction.

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700160310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700160311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY