ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700220302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe associations between occupational risks and colorectal cancer were examined in a Swedish population‐based, case‐referent study. The study was performed in Stockholm in 1986–1988 and included 569 cases and 512 referents. Relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals were calculated for different occupations/chemicals. Elevated risks of colon cancer were found among male petrol station/automobile repair workers (RR = 2.3, 0.8–6.6) and among males exposed to asbestos (RR = 1.8, 0.9–3.6), while elevated risks of rectal cancer were found among males exposed to soot (RR = 2.2, 1.1–4.3), asbestos (RR = 2.2, 1.0–4.7), cutting fluids/oils (RR = 2.1, 1.1–4.0), and combustion gases from coal/coke/wood (RR = 1.9, 1.0–3.7). However, due to a high correlation between the above‐mentioned variables and the few exposed subjects, it is difficult to separate their effects properly. These analyses were adjusted for age. Further adjustments for diet, body mass, and physical activity had little or no influ

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700220303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Swedish Cancer Environment Register (CER) is a linkage of census data (e.g., on occupations) with the Swedish Cancer Register. It has been used in different studies to generate hypotheses on occupational risk factors for malignant tumors. In this study the risk for malignant lymphoma and multiple myeloma in occupations with potential exposure to phenoxyacetic acids or other related substances were investigated. An increased standardized incidence ratio (SIR) of 1.3 for multiple myeloma was verified in farmers (no. of cases = 335). This finding applied to both sexes, and the SIR increased over successive time periods. Regarding malignant lymphoma an increased SIR of 1.2 was found in farmers (no. = 227) for the latest time period studied (i. e. 1979–1984). When non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma was studied separately, an increased risk (SIR = 1.2) was found only in carpenters (no. = 149), whereas for Hodgkin's disease, sawmill workers (no. = 10) had an increased SIR of 2.1. Physicians also had an elevated risk for malignant lymphoma. A major shortcoming in register studies such as CER is that no individual exposure data on different agents are available. Lack of an association between an occupation and a specific malignant disease, therefore, may not be taken as evidence that persons within that occupation are not at increased risk for that dise

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700220304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA factory survey was conducted in three provinces in China from 1985 to 1989. The time‐weighted average toluene concentrations in breathing zone air were monitored by diffusive sampling, whereas hippuric acid (HA) concentrations in shift‐end urine samples were measured by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Exposed workers (456 men and women) were those for whom toluene (up to 548 ppm toluene) accounted for ≥ 90% of total exposure (by vapor concentration in ppm), whereas 517 nonexposed controls were recruited from the same factories or from factories of the same region. There was a linear correlation between the intensity of toluene exposure and HA concentration in the shift‐end urine. Comparison of the results with findings in the literature shows that the toluene‐induced increase in urinary HA concentration among workers in China is significantly smaller than the published values, whereas HA concentrations in urine samples from nonexposed controls are comparable to the levels previously

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700220305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTwo comparable cross‐sectional studies were carried out employing the same methodology but involving two separate solvent‐exposed populations (N = 90, N = 144). In each study, solvent‐exposed workers were compared with age‐matched controls on tests selected from the Neurobehavioral Evaluation System and on standardized questionnaire measures of symptomatology and psychiatric state. A similar pattern of results was obtained in the two studies indicating a significant effect on cognitive functioning, after controlling for confounding variables, occurring in those with more than 30 years of exposure. A more specific effect on learning processes was observed in those with more than 10 years of exposure. There were no indications in either study of a solvent‐related increase in psychiatric

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700220306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractUsing a standard battery of medical surveillance questions, a study was undertaken to determine if an increase in reported neurologic symptoms was resulting from solvent exposure at a pharmaceutical research, development, and manufacturing site.The prevalence of positive responses to 13 interval history questions pertaining to neurological symptoms was compared between those enrolled in exposed surveillance programs (n = 840) and those enrolled in other, non‐solvent exposed surveillance programs (n = 1,042). The ratio of positive responders between the exposed and unexposed groups was used to generate a relative prevalence ratio (RPR).No significantly elevated RPRs were seen when the analysis was adjusted for the confounding factors of age, sex, smoking, alcohol use, noise exposure, and number of interval histories. These results suggest that workplace solvent exposures in the employees studied did not appear to result in obvious neurologic symptoms. However, low‐level neurotoxic exposures can cause asymptomatic or sub‐clinical disorders. Therefore, more sensitive neurotoxic surveillance systems need to be deve

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700220307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe effect of past occupational exposure on morbidity was studied in 354 coke oven workers in Lorraine Collieries (France) who retired between 1963 and 1982, and were still alive in 1988; 96% of them participated in this study. Occupational exposure to respiratory hazards during the working life was retraced for each subject. No significant association between the occupational exposure and the frequency of ischemic cardiopathies, arterial hypertension, gastro‐duodenal ulcers, and respiratory symptoms was revealed. However, subjects who had worked on the Ovens, in the Workshops, and in the Byproducts showed a prevalence of arterial hypertension significantly higher than the non‐ or slightly exposed subjects. The healthy worker effect phenomenon, the exclusion of deceased subjects, and the small size of this retiree population may conceal possible differences between exposure gro

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700220308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIncinerator workers are exposed to many toxic compounds, most notably heavy metals. We evaluated medical and exposure monitoring data of an actively employed cohort of Philadelphia incinerator workers following an Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry site survey and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) health hazard evaluation (HHE). Of the many airborne samples taken by NIOSH, only four of the personal breathing zone samples were above OSHA or ACGIH standards: one for lead, one for phosphorous, and two for total particulates. Because samples were taken during limited operations (only one of the two incinerators were operating), the results may underestimate historical exposures at this site. We limited our medical analysis to the 86 male workers who participated in the HHE out of the 105 active employees. The 86 employees were divided into potential high and low exposure groups based on a work site analysis done by an independent industrial hygienist. Eight individuals had at least one elevated biological index indicating exposure to a heavy metal. These elevations, however, were unrelated to the workers' exposure categories. Furthermore, no clinically significant mean blood or serum measurements were noted. Thirty‐four percent of the workers had evidence of hypertension which increased the risk of significant proteinuria. Neither hypertension nor proteinuria were related to exposure group. Changes in pulmonary function related only to smoking status. Although there was some evidence of an increased risk of exposure to products of incinerator waste, we could not relate the few elevated biological tests to exposure classification. Additional studies are needed to assess the potential health effects of municipal waste incinerator by‐produ

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700220309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe prevalence of respiratory and other health problems in a cohort of highway toll booth workers was surveyed by mailed questionnaire. In a low proportion of respondents (43.2%), a high prevalence of central nervous system complaints (headaches, irritability, or anxiety, and unusual tiredness), mucous membrane irritation (eye irritation, nasal congestion, and dry throat), and musculoskeletal problems (joint and back pains) was found.We believe these symptoms are reflective of the acute irritant and central nervous system effects of exposure to motor vehicle exhaust. The musculoskeletal complaints are likely the result of bending, reaching, and leaning out of the toll booth. The need for in‐depth evaluation of the ventilation systems and the ergonomic and job stressors of work at toll booths is suggested by these result

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700220310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn 1985, New Jersey enacted a state law requiring that employers with more than 50 employees implement policies to control smoking in places of employment. The 104 largest private employers in New Jersey were surveyed in 1988 to assess their worksite smoking policies. Of the 92 respondents, 97% had implemented restrictive workplace smoking policies. Only 12% of respondents had implemented such policies prior to the date required by the law, and 86% cited the law as the reason for restricting smoking in the workplace. Over two‐thirds of respondents placed restrictions on smoking in open areas, while only one‐third restricted smoking in private offices. Nonsmoking employees were reported by 80% of respondents to be supportive of restrictive smoking policies, but 23% reported dissatisfaction by their smoking employees. The New Jersey law appears to have been an important factor in the adoption of work place smoking restrictions by the state's largest employ

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700220311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY