摘要:

AbstractTen out of 12 South African baboons (Papio ursinus) survived exposure to amosite asbestos dust for periods ranging from 242 days to 898 days at an aerosol level ranging between 1,100 and 1,200 fibers per milliliter. After exposure, they were kept under observation until they died; the total residence time of amosite varied from 1.2–10.2 years. All underwent detailed postmortem necropsy examinations. All baboons had asbestosis. Five of the baboons developed malignant diffuse mesothelioma; three peritoneal, and two pleural with peritoneal invasion. These results indicate that amosite is highly carcinogenic. Since it is difficult to accomplish follow‐up of persons exposed to amosite asbestos because of the geographic location of the amosite mines and mills in South Africa (a majority of the workers being migrant laborers from countries bordering on the Transvaal), it is therefore probable that cases of peritoneal mesothelioma have been missed. If human beings are likely to react to amosite as do baboons, epidemiological follow‐up should include identification of abdominal as well as thoracic neoplasms. © 1993 Wiley‐L

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700240602

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMaquiladoras are plants on the Mexican side of the United States‐Mexico border which are used largely by U.S. manufacturers to assemble premanufactured parts. We examined reproductive outcomes of women employed in electronics (N = 120) and garment (N = 121) maquiladora work compared to women employed in the service sector (N = 119) in Tijuana. Mexico. Women recruited by community health workers were interviewed about their reproductive history, sociodemographic characteristics, health behaviors, and characteristics of their current job. Length of regular menstrual cycle in the past year as well as time of conception and rates of fetal loss in the most recent pregnancy were similar across occupational groups. However, infants of garment maquiladora workers were 653 g lighter (95% confidence interval [CI]: −1,041 g, −265 g) and infants of electronic maquiladora workers were 337 g lighter (95% CI: −682 g. 9 g) than infants of service workers after adjusting for potential confounders. The cause of these differences remains unclear. © 1993 Wiley

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700240603

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFour hundred and twenty‐four sewing machine operators from a historical cohort of garment industry workers answered questionnaires concerning musculoskeletal symptoms and job exposure. They were compared with 781 women from the general population of the region and an internal control group of 89 women from the garment industry. The risk for persistent neck and shoulder complaints increased with years of being a sewing machine operator: (up to seven years, eight to fifteen years, and more than fifteen years: prevalence proportion ratio 1.8, 3.5 and 4.4 [neck] and 1.5, 4 and 6.8 [shoulder]compared with the controls [n = 781]). The exposure‐response relationships remained when adjusted for potential confounders, of which age, current shoulder‐neck exposure, and child bearing were the most contributing.The study revealed that work for more than eight years as a sewing machine operator probably has a cumulative deleterious effect on the neck and shoulders. © 1993 Wiley‐L

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700240604

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne hundred and seven women participated in a clinical study of an age‐stratified random sample of sewing machine operators compared to a group of auxiliary nurses and home helpers. Four groups, according to years of being a sewing machine operator, consisted of: (controls) 25; (0–7 years) 21; (8–15 years) 25; and (more than 15 years) 36. The numbers of the main clinical diagnoses in the four groups were: cervicobrachial fibromyalgia (myofascial pain syndrome) 2, 4, 11, 24; cervical syndrome 0, 1, 3, 10; and rotator cuff syndrome 1, 1, 6, 11. The observed exposure‐response relationship between clinical outcomes and years as a sewing machine operator was maintained when adjusting for current exposure to musculoskeletal strain and other potential confounders. Muscle palpation proved to be a reproducible examination with kappa values around 0.70. © 1993 Wiley

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700240605

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractLong‐term exposure to lead is known to cause a variety of neurotoxic manifestations, including symptoms of depression. Dimercaptosuccinic acid (DMSA), a recently approved oral chelating agent, can diminish the body burden of lead, but few cases of documented clinical improvement following treatment have been reported. We report a case of moderate to severe depression in a long‐term lead worker that appeared to respond dramatically to DMSA. This response suggests a possible therapeutic role for DMSA in the treatment of depression in lead‐exposed patients. © 1993 Wiley‐L

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700240606

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo evaluate the utility of zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) as an indicator of lead exposure, we examined 128 workers employed at a battery storage plant and two smelters, 343 persons who lived within 200 m of the plants, and 217 controls. Based on Chinese criteria, the “normal” ZPP value among inhabitants of Shaanxi Province was determined to be 85 μg/100 ml. ZPP proved to be a more sensitive and specific indicator of lead exposure, at both high and lower levels, than PbB or PbU. Among 115 patients who underwent chelation therapy for lead poisoning, ZPP also proved to be a valid index of recovery. © 1993 Wiley‐Li

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700240607

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study was a cross‐sectional epidemiological investigation of respiratory disease in farmers involved in the turkey growing industry. Pulmonary function tests and health history questionnaires were administered to a total of 95 turkey farmers throughout Minnesota. Respiratory symptoms were greatest during the winter months when exposure to environmental agents was highest. Prevalence of symptoms was higher for smokers, personnel who worked in hen barns, and for persons who had worked in the turkey growing industry for more than 10 years. Pulmonary function was found to decrease during the work day. Also, pulmonary function was lowest for personnel working in hen bars, and for persons who had been employed in the industry for more than 10 years. These data support the association between respiratory disease and exposure to the environment in confinement farm buildings. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss,

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700240608

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA recent case of chronic arsenic intoxication due to prolonged accidental ingestion of a commercially available crabgrass killer illustrates one of the more common etiologies of present day arsenic poisoning. A review of 20 years of arsenic poisoning at the University of Kentucky (21 cases) revealed no cases attributable to an industrial source. A tabulation of the 21 most recent cases is included. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700240609

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe irritation produced by acute exposure to n‐butyl acetate in human subjects without any history of occupational solvent exposure was studied in three experiments. Exposure levels tested in the different experiments were 350, 700, 1,050, and 1,400 mg/m3in 20 min sessions, 70 and 1,400 mg/m3in 20 min sessions, and 70 and 700 mg/m3in 4 h sessions. Rating scales, various measures of eye irritation, and pulmonary functions were used to evaluate the irritation produced by the exposures in different parts of the study. The results indicate only very slight irritation from the exposures as revealed by categorical ratings, magnitude estimation, and some of the clinical measures of eye irritation and pulmonary functions, such as eye redness, lipid layer thickness, and bronchial responsiveness. These essentially negative results indicate the need to explore and develop the utility of new/different methods of quantifying irritative effects of exposure to various substances. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss,

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700240610

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMortality was investigated for the years 1950–1980 for 1,009 male members of a New York jewelry workers union, and for the years 1984–1989 among 919 men and 605 women identified as jewelry workers on death certificates from 24 states. Malignant neoplasms were excessive for male union members (proportional mortality ratio [PMR] = 1.17; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.02–1.33) and female jeweler deaths from the 24 states (PMR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.07–1.42). Deaths due to nonmalignant causes were not unusual, except for excesses, in union males, of the circulatory system (PMR = 1.10; 95% CI: 1.02–1.19), including arteriosclerotic heart disease (PMR = 1.25; 95% CI: 1.14–1.37) and rheumatic heart disease (PMR = 3.02; 95% CI: 1.94–4.50). Cancers of the digestive tract were proportionally elevated among union males (proportional cancer mortality rate [PMR] = 1.13; 95% CI: 0.89–1.41) and among deaths from the 24 states (PCMR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.01–1.47). For the 24 states, excesses for digestive cancer were found for both males (PCMR = 1.19; 95% CI: 0.90–1.54) and females (PCMR = 1.26; 95% CI: 0.96–1.62). Regarding specific sites in the digestive tract, colon cancer excesses were found in union males (PCMR = 1.53: 95% CI: 1.05–2.15), and for men (PCMR = 1.27; 95% CI: 0.82–1.88) and women (PCMR = 1.36; 95% CI: 0.92–3.27) in 24 states. Also, in the 24 states, excesses were noted for esophageal cancer (PMR = 2.03; 95% CI: 1.08–3.47) and stomach cancer (PCMR = 1.66; 95% CI: 0.95–2.69), due to excess stomach cancer in women (PCMR = 2.50; 95% CI: 1.20–4.61). Marginal proportional excesses were found for malignancies of the hematolymphopoietic system in union males (PCMR = 1.12; 95% CI: 0.72–1.67) and among deaths from 24 states (PCMR = 1.23; 95% CI: 0.90–1.66), particularly due to non‐Hodgkin's lymphoma deaths (PCMR = 1.39; 95% CI: 0.93–2.00). The wide variety of exposures in this industry, particularly to metals and solvents, could possibly involve excess risk for malignancy at these sites. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the p

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700240611

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY