ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700070402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe prevalence of asbestosis in stevedores intermittently transporting crocidolite asbestos in a South African port was found to be 30% in a cross‐sectional survey. Diagnostic criteria are discussed in terms of the low index of suspicion for industrial diseases, the high probability of missing slight radiological changes, and the attribution of radiological lesions to other diseases, particularly tuberculosis, in a high prevalence area. Results are compared with other studies. Asbestosis was not associated with tuberculosis. Smoking was not significantly associated with asbestosis, other respiratory signs and symptoms, or radiological abnormalit

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700070403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe current argument about the carcinogenicity of inhaled silica is not clarified by reliance on morbidity and mortality experience divorced from or incompletely related to data on environmental exposure. Human evidence provides the ultimate basis for assessing such risks, and numerous studies of the effects of inhaling dusts rich or poor in silica content on the prevalence of pulmonary carcinoma have been performed on large series of cases from major mining areas of the world. When due allowance is made for substances inhaled concomitantly with exposure to silica and for personal pollution by cigarette smoking, the weight of evidence is against a carcinogenic role for uncombined silicon dioxide. Moreover, pneumoconiosis due to compact mineral particles does not appear to determine the onset of lung cancer. Cellular behaviour suggests reasons for the different responses to compact and fibrous particles acting alone.

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700070404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA noninvasive and inexpensive epidemiologic program for evaluating the possible effects of occupational exposures on fertility is proposed. This surveillance program utilizes reproductive information obtainable from a short questionnaire (1–2 pages in length) or directly from existing medical, employment, or insurance records, and results can be generated readily on a routine basis. This program examines the reproductive experience of the exposed workers in terms of live births compared with that of the US general population with the proper statistical adjustments. It calculates the standardized birth ratios (SBR), adjusting for maternal age, parity, calendar time, and race. Such an analysis will detect whether there is a significant decrease in fertility among a group of employees, and is, therefore, a useful surveillance tool. The proposed method should be viewed as a mechanism to provide an early signal for any potential hazard and to direct priority for other more in‐depth epidemiologic or physiologic studies. The procedure is illustrated with data from individuals exposed to EDB, DBCP, and waste‐water treatment plant processes. The method can be modified to compare the reproductive performance of an exposed group to that of an internal control group. With an internal control group, additional confounding factors can be taken into consideration. The relative merits of this approach compared to another method of fertility evaluation, semen analysis, are disc

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700070405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis study evaluated the mortality experience of 1,352 white and 438 nonwhite men who worked in the rubber‐reclaiming division of a large rubber manufacturing company. In comparisons of mortality of white reclaim workers with that of nonreclaim workers rate ratios were 2.7 for esophageal cancer (six observed deaths among reclaim workers), 2.1 for bladder cancer (seven observed deaths), and 4.5 for multiple myeloma (six observed deaths). The excess of bladder cancer among white reclaim workers may be associated with their employment in other high‐risk areas of the plant, whereas no such explanation was found for the excesses of esophageal cancer and multiple myeloma. Overall, the lung cancer mortality rate of white reclaim workers was similar to the rate of US white males and other white rubber workers. There was a 50% excess of lung cancer deaths among nonwhite reclaim workers compared with other nonwhite rubber workers. However, this observation is based on small numbers, and no firm conclusions can be reached about the risk of lung cancer associated with reclaim operations in this group of rubber work

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700070406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe results of a proportional mortality analysis of a cohort of sheet metal workers who have only intermittent exposure to asbestos demonstrates a significant excess of cancer at the three sites most frequently associated with asbestos: lung, colon and rectum, and the mesothelium. No excess nonmalignant respiratory disease was detected. These data strongly suggest that significant asbestos‐related disease is present in populations with secondary exposure to asbestos and emphasize the importance of considering possible asbestos‐related disease when treating patients with a history of employment in the construction indus

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700070407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractRepeated skin contact with solvents containing as much as 0.5% benzene is common in workers building regular bias passenger tires. To estimate the amount of benzene absorbed through the skin of these workers, a series of in vivo studies was conducted in hairless mice. Percutaneous absorption, following single dermal applications of14C‐benzene contained in rubber solvent at a concentration of 0.5% (v/v), was calculated directly from the sums of radioactivity found in excreta, expired breath, and the carcass. Data from the study, together with observations made during tire‐building operations, suggest that a worker could absorb 4–8 mg of benzene daily through the skin. This compares to 14 mg per day via inhalation at the NIOSH recommended standard of 1 ppm. Thus dermal absorption could contribute from 20–40% of the total benzene dose of these

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700070408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA 5‐year prospective analysis tests the hypothesis that coal miners who have impaired respiratory health also experience greater numbers of disability days due to occupational injury. Occupational and respiratory health information collected for the period 1977 through 1981 by the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) on 1,118 U.S. underground coal miners was linked to coal miner injury records collected under a mandatory reporting system by the Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA). Respiratory impairment, based on spirometric measures, and a questionnaire measure of chronic bronchitis symptoms, after adjustment for cigarette smoking and total years of underground mining, did not provide statistically significant prediction of average disability days. In addition, respiratory impairment did not predict the number of episodes of occupational injuries resulting in days lost from wor

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700070409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA method of determining the cutoff point for an administrative decision to award compensation is proposed. To construct the predictive system a Bayesian approach and discriminant analysis were employed. Judged hearing disability was used as the criterion with audiometric scores as the determining variables. The common law doctrine of the balance of probability was used as the criterion, namely the 50th centile, on which to propose a cutoff point. The highest precision in predicting judged hearing disability was obtained with an average audiometric score at 1,000, 2,000, 3,000, 4,000 Hz in the worse ear. Assuming that judged hearing disability is a valid predictor of handicap, the cutoff point based on the balance of probability (50th centile) was obtained at 25 dB. The study also confirmed results from previous studies: (1) hearing sensitivity in frequencies higher than 2,000 Hz is required to predict hearing disability and handicap, (2) judged hearing disability is better correlated with hearing sensitivity in the worst ear, and (3) the audiometric cutoff point for a medical legal definition of impairment should be lower than what certain technical groups have proposed in the past.

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700070410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700070411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY