ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700160102

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn epidemiological investigation was undertaken to determine the relationship between silicosis in hardrock miners in Ontario and cumulative exposure to silica (crystalline silica–‐α quartz) dust. This first report describes the cohort, the method of classifying the radiographs, and the identification of a case of silic

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700160103

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn epidemiological investigation was carried out to determine the relationship between silicosis in hardrock miners in Ontario and cumulative exposure to silica (free crystalline silica–‐α quartz) dust. This second report describes a side‐by‐side air‐sampling program used to derive a konimeter/gravimetric silica conversion curve. A total of 2,360 filter samples and 90,000 konimeter samples were taken over 2 years in two mines representing the ore types gold and uranium, both in existing conditions as well as in an experimental stope in which dry drilling was used to simulate the high dust conditions of the past. The method of calculating cumulative respirable silica exposure indices for each miner i

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700160104

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn epidemiological investigation was undertaken to determine the relationship between silicosis in hardrock miners in Ontario and cumulative exposure to silica (free crystalline silica–‐α quartz) dust. This report describes the analytic method and presents the risk estim

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700160105

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA metaanalysis of published reports of outbreaks of hypersensitivity pneumonitis was undertaken. A statistically significant substantial decline was seen in the sensitivity of chest X‐rays (percent of positive in cases of disease) for the diagnosis of hypersensitivity pneumonitis over the years 1950–1980. Chest X‐rays were also less likely to be abnormal where a population‐based approach to the diagnosis of disease had been undertaken. Such declines in the diagnostic “sensitivity” of a test may be related to secular trends in knowledge and recognition of disease or to changes in the disease itself. Standardization of chest X‐ray interpretation alone, even if successful, may not resolve the issue of accurate diagnosis of interstitial

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700160106

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAll female graduates of a major U.S. veterinary school were surveyed by mailed questionnaire to obtain details of work practice and hazard exposure during the most recent year worked and during all pregnancies. Exposure questions were based on previously implicated occupational hazards which included anesthetic gases, radiation, zoonoses, prostaglandins, vaccines, physical trauma, and pesticides. The response rate was 86% (462/537). We found that practice type and pregnancy status were major determinants of hazard exposure within the veterinary profession. Small‐animal practitioners reported the highest rates of exposure to anesthetic gas (94%), X‐ray (90%), and pesticides (57%). Large‐animal practitioners reported greater rates of trauma (64%) and potential exposure to prostaglandins (92%),Brucella abortusvaccine (23%), and carbon monoxide (18%). Potentially hazardous workplace practices or equipment were common. Forty‐one percent of respondents who reported taking X‐rays did not wear film badges, and 76% reported physically restraining animals for X‐ray procedures. Twentyseven percent of the respondents exposed to anesthetic gases worked at facilities which did not have waste anesthetic gas scavenging systems. Women who worked as veterinarians during a pregnancy attempted to reduce exposures to X‐rays, insecticides, and other potentially hazardous exposures. Some potentially hazardous workplace exposures are common in veterinary practice, and measures to educate workers and to reduce these exposures should not await demonstration of adverse h

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700160107

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn 1985, 30 rotogravure printers exposed to toluene for 4–43 years (median 29) were examined by means of interviews and psychometric testing. They were 33–61 years of age (mean 50). Comparisons were made with a reference group of 72 men aged 27–69 (mean 47). The referents had never been exposed to solvents and were all in good health. The printers were employed by two Swedish companies. The mean exposure levels were 43 and 157 mg/m3of toluene, respectively, at the two printing shops. Before 1980 the exposure levels had exceeded 300 mg/m3. On Monday mornings, before psychometric testing at the department of occupational medicine, toluene was measured in venous blood samples from most of the exposed subjects. A high proportion of the printers reported fatigue (60%), recent short‐term memory problems (60%), concentration difficulties (40%), mood lability (27%), and other neurasthenic symptoms. In the psychometric tests their performance was poorer than the reference group's in most of the tests applied. Even performance on the synonyms test, usually considered resistant to mild brain affliction, was worse in the group of printers. Adjusting for this difference in the group comparisons reduced the group differences substantially. Alcohol consumption above 200 g/week was found to reduce the subjects' psychometric function more than toluene exposure. The printers' sum of neurasthenic complaints correlated negatively with their score in several tests. Exposure variables showed only weak associations with test results. Blood toluene levels were positively correlated with scores in spatial tests. The direction of the correlations suggests that the influence of acute pharmacologic effects is undetectable on Monday mornings before work. In conclusion, we found that exposure to toluene at levels below 157 mg/m3following long‐term exposure did induce neurasthenic problems and might reduce psychometric test pe

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700160108

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractNineteen articles published between 1980 and 1986 were reviewed to determine the prognosis for returning to previous employment following back surgery. Seventy‐seven percent of the cases reviewed returned to their previous level of employment. Nearly 11% of cases had additional back surgery during the period of follow‐up. Data from three articles suggest that 82% of patients are able to return to their previous level of employment following primary back surgery compared to 59% of patients who have had multiple back surgeries. Recommendations for work activity following back surgery should be individualized for each patient. A work‐hardening program including assessment of cardiovascular fitness and task performance can be used to progressively increase activity to the highest achievable level. Prevention of back injuries in the workplace will increase employee morale and reduce employee turnover and workers' compensation

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700160109

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationships between bladder cancer and occupation, industries, and occupational exposures in Utah were examined in a population‐based, case‐control study conducted between 1977 and 1983. Life‐long occupational histories were obtained for 417 cases (332 men and 85 women) and 877 controls (685 men and 192 women). Although few positive findings emerged in this study, increased risks were detected among men for employment in the leather and textile industries which increased with duration of employment. The effects were most marked for employment beginning 45 or more years prior to interview (odds ratio [OR] for textiles = 1.92, confidence interval [CI]= 0.89–4.46; for leather OR = 2.95, CI = 0.63–13.76). Among men and women, increased risk was detected among clerical workers employed for<10 years (OR = 1.59, CI = 1.16–2.17) although the risk decreased with increased duration of employment (OR = 0.88, CI = 0.55–1.40 for 10 years). A protective effect was seen among men and women for 10 or more years employment in professional, managerial, and technical occupations (OR = 0.68, CI = 0.50–0.92). Employment as a carpenter resulted in increased risk which increased with duration. Increased risk for bladder cancer was detected among carpenters who smoked but not among carpenters who never smoked. We used an occupation‐exposure linkage system to identify workers exposed to aromatic amino compounds; such workers did not have increased risk of bladder cancer, although interaction between long‐term exposure to aromatic amino compounds and smoking was detected. Interactions between smoking and other industrial or occupational exposures were not demonstrated, and for the most part, smoking did not confound the estimates of the bladder cancer‐occ

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700160110

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA case‐control study of lung cancer in white male welders was undertaken to investigate possible environmental and occupational causes of a 50% excess of lung cancer observed in this occupational group. The subjects were identified from a populationbased cancer registry in Los Angeles County. A standardized questionnaire was administered to either subjects or proxy informants of 90 lung cancer cases and 116 non‐lung‐cancer controls. Significantly increased risks of lung cancer were associated with tobacco smoking (odds ratio 7.6, p<.005) and shipyard welding with at least a 10‐year latency since first exposure (odds ratio 1.7, p<.05). Although there were elevated risks associated with some specific welding processes, none were statistically significant. Control subjects were more likely to have had exposure to confined‐space welding (odds ratio 0.6, 95% CI = 0.3–1.2), and this association was greatest where there had been at least a 20‐year latency since first exposure (0.5, 95% CI = 0.3–1.0). We conclude that the excess of lung cancer in this welding population is contributed to by a higher frequency of smoking and probable exposure to asbestos in shipyards. Other factors may be important, but probably because of limited power and reliance on proxy information, this study failed to detect other statistically si

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700160111

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1989

数据来源: WILEY