摘要:

AbstractA method of providing experience for readers in the classification of radiographs for pneumoconiosis is described. It is based on an exchange of films by mail, with provision for ongoing feedback of results. The effects of this feedback on reading levels is described. The method is suitable for readers who are unable to attend major centers for formal instruction, and has the additional advantage of continual monitoring of reading levels. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss, I

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700240202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe Monfalcone area, in northeastern Italy, is a small industrial territory (population about 60,000), with a large shipyard. Between October 1979 and April 1992, ninety‐two malignant mesotheliomas were diagnosed at the Monfalcone Hospital. The series included 84 men and 8 women, aged 42 to 89 years (median age 68 years). There were 89 pleural and 3 peritoneal tumors. Seventy patients (69 men and 1 woman) had worked in the shipyards; six were seamen, and four insulators. Five men had been exposed to asbestos in various industries; six women had histories of domestic exposure, and one woman had a history of possible environmental exposure. The latency periods (intervals between first exposure to asbestos and diagnosis of the tumor) ranged from 20 to 65 years (median 52 years). Latency periods among insulators were significantly lower than among shipyard workers, as well as lower than among the other categories (p<0.01). Lung asbestos bodies were isolated after chemical digestion in 73 cases at necropsy, and in two cases at surgery. In necropsy cases, asbestos body burdens ranged between 100 and 10,000,000 bodies per gram of dried tissue (median 11,000). Pleural plaques were observed at necropsy in 62 out of 73 cases, and in two cases at surgery.In the time period we considered, the annual incidence rates for pleural mesothelioma were very high among male Monfalcone residents, being 189 per 100,000 among people aged 75 years or more.On the basis of occupational data and of objective signs (lung asbestos bodies, pleural plaques), all the cases of the present series but one (that with possible environmental exposure) were considered as asbestos‐related. The role of co‐factors in the development of asbestos‐related mesothelioma is suggested. © 1993 Wiley

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700240203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractCor pulmonale has been reported in the past to be associated with pneumoconiosis as an end‐stage complication. However, whether the association can be demonstrated among cases of pneumoconiosis acquired in more recent decades is not clear. We examined the relation between these conditions using data summarized in hospital records in Ontario for males discharged between 1979 and 1990 with a diagnosis of chronic cor pulmonale or one of the pneumoconioses.Based on the age‐specific frequency rates, cor pulmonale was diagnosed 17 (95% confidence interval 13–22) times more frequently than expected among men diagnosed with pneumoconiosis than among other men admitted to hospital.Our investigation indicates that cor pulmonale still appears to be associated with dust exposure in the workplace, and it demonstrates the usefulness of hospital discharge information in addressing questions in occupational health. However, we recommend that hospital medical records be examined to confirm the diagnoses and to determine the smoking histories of these men. © 1993 Wiley‐L

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700240204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo test for associations between occupation and median nerve dysfunction, measures of median motor and median and ulnar sensory amplitude and distal latency were compared among three populations: control subjects without occupational exposure to highly forceful or repetitive hand exertions (N = 105), industrial workers with hand/wrist symptoms (N = 103), and asymptomatic industrial workers (N = 137).Mean sensory amplitudes were significantly smaller (p<0.05) and motor and sensory distal latencies were significantly longer (p<0.001) in the industrial “asymptomatic hand” population compared to the control population. Prolongation of median relative to ulnar latency was significantly longer in the asymptomatic industrial population (p<0.05). Results were most plausibly explained by differences in checklist identified ergonomic stressors.Median sensory amplitudes were significantly smaller (p<0.01) and latencies longer (p<0.05) for industrial workers with exposure to high grip forces compared to those without. Exposure misclassification may have reduced power to detect statistically significant differences between exposed and nonexposed population groups. © 1993 Wiley‐Lis

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700240205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe 1984 OSHA Standard for ethylene oxide (EtO) mandates medical surveillance under various circumstances. When performed, medical surveillance for EtO must include a complete blood count (CBC) with differential leukocyte count. This requirement is based on reports of EtO‐associated absolute lymphocytosis and other hematologic effects. This paper describes our experiences in providing EtO medical surveillance for a 300 bed hospital over a 6 year period. We observed an apparent relative lymphocytosis which persisted over 3–4 years in sterilization workers with documented TWA personal EtO exposures averaging 0.07 ppm. In addition, three workers had a history of acutely toxic overexposure to EtO as a result of a sterilizer malfunction. These workers became symptomatic following the high accidental overexposure, but did not show absolute lymphocytosis or altered patterns in the relative lymphocytosis. Finally, a cross‐sectional comparison of the CBC data from the EtO‐exposed workers to data from non‐EtO‐exposed hospital workers showed no significant differences, ruling out an association of the relative lymphocytosis with EtO exposure. These observations led us to review the basis for the inclusion of the CBC in routine EtO medical surveillance. Our experience, review of the literature on EtO‐associated lymphocytosis and anemia, and review of the literature on the use of the CBC with differential as a screening test suggest that the leukocyte differential may not be useful in routine medical surveillance for EtO exposure. © 1993 W

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700240206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWood trimmers and planing operators from two separate sawmill populations (N = 303 and 170) were studied by serology assessment and a self‐administered questionnaire. IgG antibodies toRhizopus microsporusssp.rhizopodiformis, Paecilomyces variotti, andAspergillus fumigatuswere measured by ELISA. The questionnaire included questions about general respiratory symptoms and symptoms after handling moldy timber. Personal exposure of wood trimmers to mold spores and wood dust was measured in one part of the sawmills.R. microsporuswas the most prevalent mold assessed by serology. Antibody levels were higher and symptoms suggestive of mucous membrane irritation, chronic nonspecific lung disease, allergic alveolitis, and organic dust toxic syndrome were more frequently reported by wood trimmers than by planing operators. The mean level of IgG antibodies toR. microsporusin sawmill workers working in the same work area was the best predictor of symptoms in both populations. The consistent results indicate that exposure to spores ofR. microsporusmay cause several respiratory symptoms in wood trimmers. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss,

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700240207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA series of case‐control studies using subjects from the Illinois State Cancer Registry have been conducted. Logistic regression was used to control for age and history of tobacco and alcohol use. Construction workers were consistently found to be younger than other subjects and to have used alcohol and tobacco more often. Significant positive associations between cancer of the stomach and welding (odds ratio [OR] = 2.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]= 1.09, 4.09), lung cancer and employment in the construction industry (OR = 1.18, 95% CI = 1.02, 1.26), and lung cancer and welding (OR = 1.68, 95% CI = 1.03, 2.76) were found. Significant negative associations between cancer of the colon and welding (OR = .54, 95% CI = .29, 1.00), cancer of the prostate and employment in the construction industry (OR = .76, 95% CI = .65, .89), cancer of the prostate and plumbing (OR = .44, 95% CI = .38, .50), cancer of the prostate and metal working (OR = .43, 95% CI = .19, .93), and bladder cancer and employment as an electrician (OR = .60, 95% CI = .36, 1.00) suggest that construction workers did not consistently experience excesses of cancers known to be associated with tobacco use, and an overall excess of sites not known to be related to tobacco use may have occurred. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss,

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700240208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWithin a cohort of 340 police officers, six incident cases of testicular cancer occurred between 1979 and 1991 (O/E 6.9; p<0.001, Poisson distribution). Occupational use of hand‐held radar was the only shared risk factor among all six officers, and all routinely held the radar gun directly in close proximity to their testicles. Health effects of occupational radar use have not been widely studied, and further research into a possible association with testicular cancer is warranted. © 1993 Wiley‐Liss,

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700240209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700240210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700240211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1993

数据来源: WILEY