ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700030302

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe incidence of second primary cancers has been ascertained in 3,322 employees who had worked from 1950 to 1978 in industries in Japan that manufactured benzidine and beta‐naphthylamine. Of the 244 workers who had suffered from and died of cancer of the genitourinary organs (first primary cancer), 11 (all male) had subsequent primary, histologically confirmed cancers of the liver, gallbladder, bile duct, large intestine, and lung. A control group of 177 male bladder cancer patients, assembled from the Osaka Cancer Registry during 1965‐1975, showed eight cases of a second primary, five being stomach cancer. No stomach cancer was observed in the study cohort. A statistically significant excess risk for liver, gall bladder, and bile duct cancer (p<0.05) was found The number of observed deaths from respiratory cancer was greater than expected, though not statistically significant. These findings appear to confirm previous clinical data suggesting an increased occurrence of multiple primary cancers in workers exposed to benzidine/beta‐naphthylamine, pointing to a pluripotential action of these carcin

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700030303

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSoft tissue sarcoma and malignant lymphoma have been related to exposure to chlorinated phenoxy acids or chlorophenols as well as exposure to organic solvents and malignant lymphoma. However, colon cancer studied by the same case‐referent design did not show any such associations, which helps to rule out alleged systematical bias of the study approach. Further considerations about exposure routes for phenoxy acids and chlorophenols suggested that nasal and nasopharyngeal cancers should be studied. Forty‐four cases with nasal cancer and 27 cases with nasopharyngeal cancer were eligible for study during 1970‐1979 together with 541 referents, as utilized also in the aforementioned studies. Exposure to phenoxy acids gave formally a doubled but insignificant risk for the studied cancer types. Exposure to chlorophenols, as present particularly in woodwork, was related to an about sevenfold and significant increase in the risk for both cancer types. In woodworkers without exposure to chlorophenols there was an approximate normal risk, but cabinet makers, even without exposure to chlorophenols, had nearly doubled (but insignificant) risk of nasal c

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700030304

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractEstimates have been made of the numbers of cancers that are projected to result from past exposures to asbestos in a number of occupations and industries. From 1940 through 1979, 27,500,000 individuals had potential asbestos exposure at work. Of these, 18,800,000 had exposure in excess of that equivalent to two months employment in primary manufacturing or as an insulator (>2‐3 f‐yr/ml). 21,000,000 of the 27,500,000 and 14,100,000 of the 18,800,000 are estimated to have been alive on January 1, 1980.It is further estimated that approximately 8,200 asbestos‐related cancer deaths are now occurring annually. This will rise to about 9,700 annually by the year 2000. Thereafter, the mortality rate from past exposure will decrease, but still remain substantial for another three de

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700030305

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA study was made of the excretion pattern of acrylonitrile (AN) in urine of 15 AN‐exposed workers. During a 7‐day working period with the following 2 days off, the workers delivered all their urines separately. Exposure data, collected by personal monitoring, showed a mean 8‐hour TWA value of 0.13 ppm. The excretion of AN in urine (AN(U)) showed a typical pattern; concentrations peaked at the end or shortly after the end of the workday and decreased rapidly until the beginning of the next workday. A control group of 41 nonexposed workers of the same company showed a significant increase of AN(U) with increasing number of cigarettes smoked. The AN(U) concentrations of the exposed workers however were, despite the low exposure, much higher than those of the controls, both during the workdays and during the days off. Biological monitoring of AN‐exposed workers by assessing AN(U) therefore seems a very sensitive exposure evaluation method, especially because it accounts for inhalation as well as skin penetration as routes for entering t

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700030306

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA serious, relatively unrecognized, occupational health problem involves the interaction of ethyl alcohol and chemical agents used in industry. Workers who drink alcohol and are exposed to certain chemical agents may experience adverse health effects such as nausea, dizziness, headache, and liver damage. This report reviews the synergistic interactions of ethanol with compounds such as the thiurams, amides, oximes, halogenated hydrocarbons, and metals. Also discussed is the effect of ethanol as a cofactor with vinyl chloride in the etiology of cancer.

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700030307

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe present report completes a previous study made on three chloralkali plants that was presented at the 8th International Conference on Occupational Health in the Chemical Industry, Tokyo, 1980, with the final results from five plants located in various regions of Italy. A total of 14,339 measurements of mercury in air and 8,042 determinations of mercury in urine were considered. The total number of workers involved was 275.On the basis of these data, we believe it can be concluded that, as previously reported, a correlation exists between mercury concentrations in the air and in the urine of exposed workers. This correlation is such that for exposures in the order of the present TLV (0.05 mg/m3), the value of the Z ratio (ratio between mean urinary mercury values expressed in mg/l and mean airborne mercury concentrations expressed in mg/m3) is 1.3, while the urinary mercury values vary from 0.051 mg/l to 0.078 mg/l with a mean value of 0.065 mg/l.

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700030308

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractMost known occupational carcinogens are site‐specific, which implies that they are “complete” carcinogens with both “initiating” and “promoting” properties (Berenblum's terminology). Excess cancer at gastrointestinal sites among cohorts occupationally exposed to asbestos has been interpreted as reflecting additional site‐specific effects, although excess at other sites has also been observed in some studies. The hypothesis that excess cancer at gastrointestinal sites cannot be distinguished from excess cancer at all nonpulmonary sites is tested by data from New York‐New Jersey insulation workers working in 1943; similar workers employed after 1943; U.S.‐Canadian insulation workers; London factory workers, male and female; Quebec miners and millers; retired U.S. factory workers; U.S. shipyard insulators; Italian shipyard workers in Genoa; Amosite factory workers; and U.S. factory workers. Excluding lung cancer and mesothelioma, observed‐expected ratios for nonpulmonary cancer mortality range from 0.97 to 2.78, and do not differ significantly from gastrointestinal ratios. A dose‐response gradient is observed for both ratios, when dose is estimated from lung cancer ratios, or in some studies, measured exposures. Site‐specificity is unlikely for nonpulmonary cancer associated with asbestos exposure more than 20 years previously. Systemic carcinogenesis may be an example of promotion or impairment by asbestos of some cancer defense mechanism; immunological mechanisms have been suggested by Turner‐Warwick and Parkes. Prospe

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700030309

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700030310

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700030311

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1982

数据来源: WILEY