ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700210402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFinland has kept a registry on the manufacture and use of carcinogenic agents involving occupational exposure since 1979. Employers must report annually to the labor safety authorities the employees who have been exposed to carcinogens and provide information on carcinogenic agents produced, used, or formed. Out of 131 substances or groups of agents listed as carcinogenic, occupational exposure to 78 of them was reported in 1987. About half of the agents reported were used or produced in industry and half were handled on a laboratory scale. About 15,000 employees from 1,700 work departments were reported to the registry; 17% of them were women. The number of workers reported in 1987 accounted for 0.6% of the total work force. It has been estimated that at least 60,000 workers are exposed annually to carcinogens in Finland. The three most prevalent exposures—hexavalent chromium compounds, nickel and its inorganic compounds, and asbestos—accounted for over 60% of all exposed workers; only five carcinogenic chemicals were produced in Finland in 1

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700210403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe examined bladder cancer mortality and incidence to 1981 in 1,972 workers employed in benzidine‐exposed jobs in Tianjin, Shanghai, and Jilin, China, between 1972 and 1977, and in 1,974 unexposed workers employed during the same time period. In comparison to general population rates, in the benzidine‐exposed group the ratio of observed to expected deaths (SMR) was 17.5 (95% C.I.: 7.5–34.5) and the ratio of observed to expected incident cases (SIR) was 25.0 (95% C.I.: 16.9–35.7). No excess was noted in the unexposed group. The 25‐fold increase in bladder cancer incidence in the exposed group was related to level of exposure, with the SIR rising from 4.8 for low exposure to 36.2 for medium exposure, and 158.4 for high exposure. Risks were elevated both for producers of benzidine (SIR = 45.7; 95% C.I.: 20.9–86.8) and for users (SIR = 20.9; 95% C.I.: 12.9–32.0) of benzidine dyes. Benzidine‐exposed workers who smoked tobacco had a 31‐fold risk (95% C.I.: 20.4–46.4), while non‐smoking workers had an 11‐fold risk (95% C.I.: 3.6–25.8), suggestive of a multiplicative relationship betw

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700210404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis paper presents methods for adjusting for smoking, alcohol, and socioeconomic status in death certificate‐based occupational mortality surveillance. The methods were applied in the California Occupational Mortality Study, a statewide study of rates based on 180,000 deaths and census estimates of occupations. For each occupation, levels of smoking, alcohol consumption, and socioeconomic status were estimated using National Health Interveiw Survey and U.S. Census data, and an empirical Bayes procedure was used to improve the stability of smoking and alcohol estimates for small occupations. Expected death rates for occupations were calculated by modeling rates as a function of age, smoking, alcohol, and socioeconomic status with Poisson regression. The effect of adjustment was usually moderate and in the expected direction, and the adjusted mortality ratios were generally closer to 1.0. Full data on agricultural occupations are presented for illustratio

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700210405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA questionnaire survey of health, social, and performance indices related to shiftwork among masters, mates, and pilots of a State Ferries System was performed in response to a joint request from labor and management. The questionnaire results for the group as a whole resembled those reported for other groups of shiftworkers. Significantly more sick days, dissatisfaction with work schedules, poor sleep patterns, physician consultations for insomnia, and reports of errors of judgement and near misses attributed to fatigue were reported on the ferry run with one of the most erratic schedules compared to all other runs, suggesting the need for further study.

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700210406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo identify workplaces in New Jersey with potential for silica exposure, the New Jersey Department of Health compared four‐digit Standard Industrial Classifications (SICs) identified by three different data sources: the National Occupational Exposure Survey (NOES), a new Jersey silicosis case registry, and regulatory agency compliance inspections in New Jersey. In total, the three data sources identified 204 SICs in New Jersey with potential for silica exposure. Forty‐five percent of these SICs were identified by NOES only, 16% by registry cases only, 6% by compliance inspections only, and 33% by two or more sources. Since different surveillance sources implicate different SICs, this type of analysis is a useful first step in planning programs for prevention of silico

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700210407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractOne hundred fifty‐two workers who had been exposed to different levels of cadmium (Cd) absorption (blood Cd mean 16.34 μg/L, median 11.0 μg/L) in a factory making nickel‐cadmium batteries were studied. A physical evaluation, as well as blood and urine cadmium and N‐acetyl‐β‐D‐glucosaminidase (NAG), and other routine laboratory tests were performed in order to assess the relationship between different levels of exposure to occupational cadmium and potential cadmium‐induced renal damage and other adverse health effects. We found significant correlation between levels of cadmium exposure and a selected group of symptoms and signs. The best predictor of this group of symptoms and signs was an indicator calledinternal dose index(Cd × exposure time). This indicator appears as the strongest, even after control by confounding factors, such as age and smoking. It is concluded that this index can be used for biol

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700210408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractBy measuring auditory event‐related potential (P300 and N100) and peripheral nerve conduction velocities, the subclinical effects of lead, zinc, and copper on the central and peripheral nervous system were examined in 22 male gun metal foundry workers exposed to these metals. Their blood lead (BPb) concentrations ranged from 12 to 59 μg/dl (median 30). Control subjects were 14 healthy workers, employed at the same factory, who had never been occupationally exposed to these metals. In the gun metal foundry workers, the latencies of P300 and N100 were significantly prolonged; the latency of P300 was significantly correlated with BPb concentrations and other indicators of lead absorption. Similarly, the maximal motor and sensory conduction velocities in the radial and median nerves were significantly slowed, and were significantly correlated with indicators of lead absorption. The data suggest that lead exposure at low levels affects cognitive and central auditory nervous system function together with peripheral nerve conducti

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700210409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWood trimmers are exposed to molds that periodically grow on timber that may induce alveolitis and obstructive lung disease. We have evaluated respiratory symptoms, bronchial reactivity, and lung function in 28 wood trimmers at a Swedish sawmill and in 19 unexposed office workers. Eleven (sero‐positive) of the wood trimmers had precipitating antibodies in peripheral blood against one or several molds. The exposure to dust (median 0.26 mg/m3), viable mold spores (median 2950 cfu/m3), viable bacteria (median 370 cfu/m3), airborne endotoxins (range 0.0015–0.0025 μg/m3), and terpenes (range 0.4–23 mg/m3) was lower than levels that earlier have been reported to affect lung function. The wood trimmers reported an increased prevalence of cough and breathlessness. They also showed signs of a mild obstructive impairment with a tendency to increased bronchial sensitivity to metacholine and decreased FEV1after 2 days free from exposure. FEV1decreased more during the working week in the sero‐positive workers than among the sero‐negative workers, and for the whole group the decrease in FEV1and MEF25was correlated to the degree of mol

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700210410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractExposure to mineral dust was studied among construction workers (N = 437) with the aid of a questionnaire and a chest X‐ray examination of the lungs. The results of the questionnaire showed that 81% of the construction workers had been exposed to asbestos. Exposure had occurred in all of the occupational groups studied. Pleural plaques and/or lung fibrosis (ILO ≥ 1/1) were found in 26% of the examined workers; the prevalence varied from 18 to 40% among the various occupational groups. Comparison with a representative sample of the Finnish male population from another investigation indicates that the frequency of lung fibrosis (ILO ≥ 1/1) is at least two times higher among the examined construction workers than among the general population. It seems likely that exposure to asbestos dust can be considered an etiological factor for an appreciable number of the X‐ray f

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700210411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY