ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700070202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWe studied 260 workers in the cotton waste utilization industry and 310 “blue‐collar” control workers from nondusty industries in the same geographic area of the United States by respiratory symptom questionnaire and by pre‐ and postshift spirometry. We excluded 75 cotton workers and 75 control workers from statistical analysis because of prior hazardous occupational exposures. Plant‐wide, 8‐hour time‐weighted average exposures ranged from 0.28 mg/m3to 7.80 mg/m3. The overall prevalence of symptoms compatible with byssinosis was 5.9% in cotton workers and 4.7% in the controls. Cotton workers with less than 2 years of employment had a significantly greater prevalence of bronchitis than their control counterparts. The cotton workers with 2 years or more of employment had significantly greater prevalences of bronchitis, shift decrement in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) of ≥ 10%, and FEV1/FEV1‐predicted<80%, than their control counterparts. Regression analysis showed that for matched cotton and control workers, the percentage decrement in FEV1over the shift was significantly greater for cotton workers; and that in all cotton workers, longevity in industry had a negative effect on the before‐shift forced vital capacity (FVC). This study suggests that there are both acute and chronic effects of cotton exposure in the cotton waste u

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700070203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA general mortality survey was done on a 5% random‐start systematic sample (N = 1,666) of present and former white male employees of a Texas chemical plant. The purpose was to determine whether there were any unusual patterns of cause‐specific mortality that would require further research with case‐control studies. Mortality risks were examined by duration of employment and year of hire as surrogates for more specific exposure data. Among all employees in the sample, there was significant excess mortality due to All Cancer, Ill‐Defined Conditions, and All External Causes of Death, and a significant deficit from All Circulatory Diseases. The excess mortality from All Cancer was primarily attributable to excess cancers of the kidney, lung, and pancreas. The excesses for lung and kidney cancer were statistically significant. Those employed for 1 year or more experienced significantly lower mortality from All Causes than those employed for less than

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700070204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractAn in‐plant case‐control study of 26 renal cancer deaths was conducted to determine whether an occupational exposure may be related to an apparent increase in mortality from this disease observed among a sample of employees at a multiple process chemical production facility. None was found that explained the excess. Elevated odds ratios were identified for employment in the cell maintenance area of chlorine production and with those presumptive exposures considered to occur in this job, asbestos and caustic, but not chlorine. While an association between renal cancer and asbestos has been previously reported, an association with caustic, per se, is not consistent with prior observations made by others. Diminished risk estimates were observed for employment in magnesium production and for exposures in this process to sulfur dioxide and heat. Both the increased and decreased risks, while statistically significant, are based on small numbers of exposed subjects and may be spurious owing to the problem of multiple comparis

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700070205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSaccade accuracy was studied in 87 copper smelter workers. Findings were compared with those obtained in 52 lead‐exposed automobile production workers and 52 controls examined as part of a separate study. Both groups of workers showed a decrease in saccade accuracy compared to controls. Saccade accuracy was reduced in copper smelter workers over 50 years of age compared to automobile production workers in this age group. Decreased saccade accuracy was not correlated with blood lead (Pb‐B), zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP), or urinary arsenic (As‐U) levels among copper smelter workers, but was significantly correlated with both Pb‐B and ZPP in the group of automobile production workers. Saccade accuracy decreased significantly with age and duration of exposure only in the group of copper smelter workers. Complex exposures to lead and other toxic agents present in the smelter may account for the reduction in saccade accuracy among copper smelter

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700070206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractFollowing the report of ten cases of respiratory illness in processors of frozen king crab, we investigated the conditions of work and the pulmonary and immunologic status of the workers in three crab‐processing and one fish‐packing (control) plant. Pulmonary function was measured before and after work, and skin tests were performed in subgroups matched for age, sex, and duration of current employment. The antibody response to king crab antigens was examined in sera from the subgroups and another (unrelated) control group. Extracts of crab meat, shell, and processing dust were used for skin testing and precipitin detection. FEV1, FVC, and MEFR decreased during the day in two crab processors, and precipitins were evident in sera from nine, but findings were normal in the fish packers. Crab meat elicited the strongest response, with multiple precipitin bands in some cases. Control sera showed no reaction. There was correlation between serology, results of skin tests, and symptoms. It is concluded that the inhalation of aerosolized crab antigen(s) may cause respiratory symptoms and can cause immunologic effects similar to those caused by other occupational respiratory allergens. We recommend preplacement and periodic medical examination of workers in crab‐processing plants, improved ventilation in processing areas, and programs to discourage sm

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700070207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe fertility of male workers exposed to mercury vapor or to manganese dust was assessed with the use of the questionnaire developed by Levine et al [1980]. In the mercury group (concentration of mercury in urine ranging from 5.1 to 272.1 μg/g creatinine), no statistically significant difference was found between the observed number of children and that expected on the basis of the reproductive experience of a well‐matched control group. On the contrary, by comparison with their corresponding controls, the manganese‐exposed workers exhibited a statistically significant deficit in the number of children during their period of exposure to the metal. The airborne concentration of manganese dusts at the different workplaces ranged from 0.07 to 8.61 mg/m3with a geometric mean of 0.94 m

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700070208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700070209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700070201

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1985

数据来源: WILEY