摘要:

AbstractA cohort study of 142 male Swedish capacitor manufacturing workers was performed. PCB had been used as a dielectricum in power capacitors between 1960 and 1978. Mortality was investigated for the period 1965 to 1982 and cancer incidence from 1965 to 1980. Twenty‐one deaths and seven cancers were observed, which was in agreement with the anticipated numbers calculated from national statistics. One person had developed two rare tumors, a slow growing mesenchymal tumor (desmoid) and a malignant lymphoma. The results cannot rule out the possibility of a carcinogenic risk from PCB exposure because of the small size of the cohort and relatively brief follow‐up period, but they do not indicate any excess mortality or cancer incidence in this factory so

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700100402

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractQuantitative evaluation of worker exposure to silica in nine Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes was conducted, using data derived from OSHA compliance inspections, in order to assess the silica exposure problem in the U.S. The nine SICs studied were those in which OSHA inspections were concentrated. They include: construction; chemical manufacture; stone, glass, and clay manufacturing; primary metal industries; metal fabrication; machinery; transportation; and miscellaneous manufacturing industries. High exposures to silica were documented in each industry, with the number of test samples over the permissible exposure limit ranging from 14% (aluminum foundries) to 73% (pottery). An estimation is made that 24,889 workers employed in ferrous and nonferrous foundries are at risk of silica‐related pulmonary effects. The data developed in this analysis also indicate the need to investigate certain industries that had high exposures but few inspections. The limitations of the data base for estimating the scope of the silica problem, including lack of data on mining and milling, are discussed. We conclude that exposure to silica represents a continuing and significant problem in a number of U.S. industrie

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700100403

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA case‐referent study has been carried out regarding a possible connection between silica exposure and lung cancer (ICD 162) in Central Italy, where the pottery industry has a long tradition. Silicosis among 72 cases of lung cancer and among 314 referents, all deceased, was ascertained through checking the individual files of compensated cases of silicosis. Questionnaires on past employments and smoking habits were blindly administered to the next‐of‐kin of the deceased subjects. Controlling for age, period of death, and smoking, workers in the ceramic industry were found to have a higher lung cancer risk than workers in other occupations free from silica exposure (Mantel–Haenszel rate ratio = 2.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.1–3.5). This increased risk was mainly due to a rate ratio of 3.9 (95% CI = 1.8–8.3) for silicotic individuals, while for nonsilicotic ceramic workers it was only 1.4 (95% CI = 0.7–2.8). The result of this study seems to suggest that lung cancer might be merely indirectly associated with exposure to silica through the silicotic process, although the dose may differ for silicotic and nonsilicoti

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700100404

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractWhile an earlier report on the Texaco Mortality Study cohort showed no statistically significant elevations for any cause of death for the white males, it did not preclude any excess risk of mortality within subgroups of workers. In this study, an employee's complete job history was used to determine his work categories, and patterns of mortality were examined for the more common job categories. All of the job categories examined showed deficits for mortality overall, and the patterns seen were similar to those for the entire cohort. Significant elevations were seen in pancreas cancer mortality for office and managerial people and in leukemia mortality for pipefitters and boilermakers. Other elevations of particular interest based on five or more deaths were brain cancer for laboratory workers and benign neoplasms in pipefitters and boilermakers. These associations were examined by latency and years worked, and no consistently positive associations were seen. It was not possible to take into account calendar time of exposure in this type of analysis, nor could any specific chemicals or levels of exposure be associated with the job categories where the standardized mortality ratios were elevated.

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700100405

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractVery little is known about the long‐term health risks associated with the high stress police officer occupation. We report here on a retrospective cohort of 2,376 ever‐employed white male police officers employed between January 1950 and October 1979. Vital status was obtained for 96%, the officers accumulating a total of 39,462 person‐years. Six‐hundred sixty‐one deaths were observed. Total mortality from all causes was comparable to that of the overall U.S. white male population (standardized mortality ratio [SMR] = 106). Significantly increased mortality was seen for all malignant neoplasms combined (SMR = 127), cancer of the esophagus (SMR = 286), and cancer of the colon (SMR = 180). Significantly lower than expected mortality was seen for infectious diseases (SMR = 26), respiratory diseases (SMR = 64), and accidents (SMR = 60). Internal cohort comparisons revealed that policemen exhibited significantly higher mortality from suicide compared to all other municipal employees (rate ratio = 2.9). Analysis of mortality by length of service as a police officer showed that those employed 10–19 years were at significantly increased risk of digestive cancers and cancers of the colon and lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues and decreased risk for all diseases of the circulatory system. Policemen employed more than 40 years had significantly elevated SMRs for all causes, all malignant neoplasms combined, digestive cancers, cancers of the bladder and lymphatic and hematopoietic tissues, and arteriosclerotic heart disease. Risk of mortality from arteriosclerotic heart disease tended to increase with increasing years employed. These findings are discussed in light of the police stress literature. The hypotheses generated in this study must be tested through study of the role of important confounders including reactions to stress

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700100406

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA group of 31 lettuce harvesters exposed to the organophosphate pesticide mevinphos presented to a local emergency room with moderate cholinergic symptoms and eye and skin irritation, with 22 of the subjects (76%) reporting three or more symptoms. None had baseline cholinesterase values, and plasma cholinesterase activity for all but two workers was above the lower limit of the laboratory normal range. None of the workers received antidotes and all were released for return to work. Twenty‐nine workers sought additional care when symptoms persisted, and were followed by the investigators until 12 weeks after exposure. Plasma and red blood cell (RBC) cholinesterase increased until 14 days after exposure. Plasma cholinesterase was estimated to have been inhibited by an average of 15.6% (p<0.01), and RBC cholinesterase by 5.6% (p<0.01). These findings support the utility of sequential postexposure plasma cholinesterase analyses in confirmation of suspect organophosphate‐induced illness when baseline values are not availa

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700100407

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractHealth examinations of 108 workers exposed to vinyl chloride monomer (VCM) at a Japanese chemical plant were carried out in 1979. The polymerization of vinyl chloride was started at the plant in 1949. In this study, the highest concentration of VCM in autoclaves was determined to be 250 ppm in 1961. However, the workers at the plant had been exposed to higher concentrations of VCM several times before 1960. More recent VCM exposure was considered negligible. Examinations assessed data on age, height, weight, obesity index, sake consumption, VCM exposure concentration, latent period, cumulative exposure, ICG (indocyano green test), serum bilirubin, GOT (glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase), GPT (glutamic pyruvic transminase), A1‐P (alkaline phosphatase), GGT(γ‐glutamyl transpeptidase), ZTT (zinc turbidity test), LDH (lactate dehydrogenase), cholesterol, TTT (thymol turbidity test), A/G (albumin globulin ratio), and thrombocytes. Variation in VCM exposure did not affect (1) tests of pigment excretion from the liver, such as ICG; (2) thrombocytes; and (3) enzyme activity (such as GPT); nor bilirubin or flocculation reaction in s

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700100408

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThis cross‐sectional study was comprised of 202 nonsmoking shipyard workers with varying exposures to asbestos. Their chest X‐rays were normal or contained no abnormality other than pleural plaques. They participated in a health examination of workers exposed to asbestos, which comprised a total of 3,904 persons. One hundred and fifteen of the 202 workers had no deviations from normal X‐rays, and 87 had pleural plaques but no other finding on their X‐rays. Three out of the 115 workers with normal X‐rays and 13 of the 87 with pleural plaques had FVCs below the reference limits (p<0.005). The workers with plaques had an average of 6.9% lower FVC. Even after stratification for asbestos exposure, men with plaques were found to have lower FVCs than men without plaques. This difference was largest for those with heavy exposure to

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700100409

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractIn the Province of Quebec, the regulated daily noise exposure limit is 90 dBA‐8h. This limit value also applies to pregnant women. Experimental studies suggest however, that this standard is not sufficiently stringent to protect the auditory system of the fetus, particularly in cases of low‐frequency noise exposure. An exploratory study was undertaken to assess this possibility. A total of 131 children were examined. Their mothers had worked, while pregnant with that child, in noise conditions ranging from 65 to 95 dBA‐8h. Results show (1) a three‐fold increase in the risk of having a high‐frequency hearing loss in the children whose mothers were exposed to noise in the range between a LAeq,9mof 85 to 95 dB, and (2) a significant increase in the risk of hearing loss at a frequency of 4000 Hz when these exposures involved a strong component of low‐freq

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700100410

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700100411

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1986

数据来源: WILEY