ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700210202

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700210203

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractDespite numerous reports suggesting a relationship between hydrocarbon exposure and Goodpasture's syndrome, the nature of this association is still undefined. The present review was motivated by a patient with Goodpasture's syndrome who wondered if his illness was employment related. The patient had been working in an automobile servicing garage, where he was in frequent contact with a wide array of hydrocarbon solvents. Previous reports linking hydrocarbon exposure to Goodpasture's syndrome and anti‐GBM antibody‐mediated nephritis are analysed. A total of seventeen papers presenting 31 patient with hydrocarbon exposure and anti‐GBM antibody‐mediated disease are reviewed. The results suggest a causal relationship. Specific hydrocarbons implicated as potential toxins are listed, epidemiologic data are reviewed, and the association with cigarette smoking is di

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700210204

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo determine and compare the fiber types and size distributions in the lung tissue of mesothelioma patients in Finland, samples from 29 patients with known work history were analyzed with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X‐ray microanalysis. Compared with the earlier results using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the fiber concentrations were about three times as high and ranged from 0.1 million to 5,200 million fibers per gram of dry tissue. In 15 patients (52%), crocidolite/amosite were the dominating fiber types, representing more than 70% of all fibers. Anthophyllite asbestos was the most prevalent fiber type in eight patients (28%), and it was found in the samples of 13 patients (45%). One‐half of the anthophyllite fibers were longer than 5 μm, whereas other fiber types were somewhat sma

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700210205

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA case‐control study was conducted in France to examine occupational risk factors for sinonasal cancer; 207 cases and 409 controls were included in the study. Detailed information was collected on occupational history and other potential risk factors for nasal cancer. Results are presented for three histologic types: adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, and others. Among males, the risk of adenocarcinoma was significantly elevated for cabinetmakers (odds‐ratio = 35.4, 95% confidence interval = 18.1–69.3), carpenters and joiners (OR = 25.2, 95% CI = 14.6–43.6), and wood‐working machine operators (OR = 7.4, 95% CI = 3.4–15.8), whereas the odds‐ratios were less than 1 for loggers and wood preparation workers. Odds‐ratios associated with cabinetmakers (OR = 11.2, 95% CI = 2.7–45.9)) and carpenters and joiners (OR = 5.8, 95% CI = 1.8–18.6) were also significantly elevated for the other‐histologic‐types category. Significant excesses in risk of squamous cell cancer were noted for “bakers, pastry cooks, grain millers” (OR = 3.9, 1.2–12.8), construction workers (OR = 3.7, 95% CI = 1.7–8.0), and carpenters and joiners having worked for at least 15 years in the wood manufacturing industry (OR = 8.1, 95% CI = 1.3–50.3). Among females, a significant increase in risk of squamous cell carcinoma (OR = 9.5, 95% CI = 1.7–54.1) and a moderate increase in risk of adenocarcinoma (OR = 4.0, 95% CI = 0.7–23.5) was observed for textile workers. Elevated risks of squamous cell cancer were noted for farm workers of both sexes (males: OR = 2.2, 95% CI = 1.1–4.4

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700210206

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA group of 35 men employed in the processing of animal food was studied to assess the relation between respiratory findings and immunological status. The most frequent positive skin prick reactions to occupational allergens were to fish flour (82.9%), followed by carotene (77.1%), corn (65.7%), four‐leaf clover (62.9%), sunflower (54.3%), chicken meat (31.4%), soy (28.6%), and yeast (22.7%). Increased total IgE serum levels were found in 14/35 (40.0%) animal food workers compared to 1/39 (2.6%) in a healthy population (p<0.01). A significantly higher prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms was found among the exposed workers compared to control workers. There was however, no significant difference in the prevalence of chronic respiratory symptoms between animal food workers with positive and negative skin tests to house dust or to fish flour or among those with increased or normal IgE (except for dyspnea). The frequency of acute symptoms associated with the work shift was high among the animal food workers but similar by immunological status. There were significant mean across‐shift reductions for all ventilatory capacity tests, being particularly pronounced for FEF25. Workers with positive skin tests to fish flour antigen had significantly larger across‐shift reductions in FEF25than workers with negative skin reactions. An aqueous extract of animal food dust caused a dose‐related contractile response of isolated guinea pig tracheal muscle in vitro. Our data suggest that, in addition to any immunological response animal food dust may produce in vivo, it probably also causes direct irritant or pharmacological reactions on the airways as suggested by our in vit

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700210207

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractSeven cases of fiberglass dermatitis among production operators in the electronics industry are reported. This was due to the repeated daily handling of printed circuit boards (PRCBs). The predominant complaint of the workers was itch of the lateral aspects of the fingers and finger webs. In six workers, unroofed vesicles, pinhead areas of postinflammatory hyperpigmentation, and excoriation marks were noted at these sites.Skin stripping of the affected sites confirmed the presence of fiberglass spicules in all cases. The glass fibers had diameters of 11–16 μm. Patch testing of six of the workers with the European Standard series of allergens revealed no relevant work‐related contact sensitizers. Microscopic examination of the free edges and scrapings from the PRCBs showed glass fibers of similar fiber length and diameter to those found in the workers' skin.Fiberglass can be used as a reinforcement filling material in some types of PRCBs. Free edges of such PRCBs have easily detached fiberglass spicules. Workers in frequent contact with these PRCBs can have a fiberglass‐induced irritant dermatitis. Preventive measures could include the use of PRCBs with less free fiberglass at its edges, vacuuming of the newly cut boards, use of dusting powder, protective devices and emollients, and improved personal hygiene of the w

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700210208

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractTo better understand occupational lead exposures in Los Angeles County, we undertook a questionnaire survey of lead‐using industrial facilities not previously identified by county health department staff. Previously our staff had identified 112 lead‐using companies with approximately 2,000 lead‐exposed workers countywide. For this survey, we developed a database of 1,353 possible lead‐using industrial facilities from several sources, including community “right‐to‐know” databases, air pollution or sewer permit records, or other environmental databases. A questionnaire interview was completed with 1,001 (81%) of these companies, yielding 178 previously unidentified facilities employing 7,734 workers with potentially significant occupational lead exposures. Compliance with the OSHA lead standard was often poor in these facilities, particularly for workplaces with 20 or fewer employees. Devoting more public health resources to targeted identification of such industrial facilities and to educational outreach would likely help control occupationa

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700210209

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractA case of occupational asthma in a wool and cotton dyer handling reactive dyes is described. The patient was skin positive, but asymptomatic to house dust mites. A bromoacrilamidic dye (Lanasol Yellow 4G) has been identified through chamber inhalation challenge as being responsible for the sensitization. A very short (4‐minute) exposure produced a severe immediate obstructive ventilatory defect followed by arterial hypotension and urticaria. Bronchial hyperresponsiveness as tested through metacholine challenge was absent both in basal conditions and after the dye challenge. Both prick and patch test for the dye were positive in the absence of any sign of contact dermatiti

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700210210

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY

摘要:

AbstractThe relationship between exposure to acrylamide monomer and neurological outcomes was investigated in 82 chemical industry workers. Vibrotactile thresholds were determined quantitatively with a Vibratron II device, using forced choice and method of limits procedures. Symptoms of numbness, limb pain, peeling skin, and sweating hands had significantly higher prevalences in the exposed than in the unexposed group. Signs of peeling skin and sweating hands were significantly more common in the exposed group. Vibration thresholds were not associated with exposure.

ISSN:0271-3586    

DOI:10.1002/ajim.4700210211

出版商:Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company    

年代:1992

数据来源: WILEY